Bartın İli Meralarının Bazı Özellikleri

Abstract

Özet: Bartın ili, Merkez ilçesine bağlı 15 köyün meralarının bazı vejetasyon özelliklerini belirlemek amacı ile 2016 yılında yapılan bu çalışmada modifiye edilmiş tekerlekli lup (halka) metodu kullanılmıştır. Vejetasyon etüdü yapılan meralarda toplam olarak 128 tür tespit edilmiştir. Tespit edilen türlerin 18 adedi azalıcı, 10 adedi çoğalıcı, 100 adedinin ise istilacı tür (89 adedinin otsu ve 11 adedinin ise çalı-ağaç) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın yürütüldüğü meraların bitkiyle kaplı alan oranı ortalaması % 93.57'dir. Mera vejetasyonlarında yer alan türlerin kalite dereceleri bakımından sınıflandırılması neticesinde botanik kompozisyondaki; azalıcılar, çoğalıcılar ve istilacı türlerin oranları ise sırasıyla % 15.52, % 15.59 ve % 68.89 olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre çalışılan meraların 1 adedi "Çok iyi", 1 adedi "İyi", 6 adedi "Orta" ve 7 adedi ise "Zayıf" mera durumu sınıfına girmiştir. Mera sağlığı açısından yapılan sınıflamada ise 14 mera "Sağlıklı", 1 mera ise "Sorunlu" olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışılan meralarda, bitkilerin toprağı kaplama oranı ile toprak derinliği (r=0.553 * ) ve otlanma derecesi ile mera toprağının sıkışması (r=0.587 * ) arasında pozitif ilişkiler bulunmuştur. Bu sonuçlara göre; çalışılan meraların yaklaşık yarısı dikkatli bir şekilde kullanılmaya, diğer yarısı ise acilen ıslah programına dâhil edilmeye ihtiyaç duymaktadır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Mera durumu, mera sağlığı, otlanma derecesi, toprak sıkışması, istilacı türler Some Properties of Rangelands in Bartın ProvinceAbstract: This study was conducted to determine some vegetation characters of 15 village rangelands in Bartın province in 2016. In the study, modified wheel point method with loop was used. Totally 128 plant species were determined in studied rangelands. This plant species were also divided into 3 different successional groups: i) 18 species were decreases, ii) 10 species were increasers, 100 species were invaders (89 species were herbaceous and 11 species were shrubs-trees). In the experiment rangelands, plant coverage rate was 93.57%. Considering the different successional groups, which had influential effect to pasture quality, decreasers, increasers, and invaders had 15.52%, 15.59% and 68.89%, respectively. The results from the present study indicated that 1, 1, 6 and 7 rangelands are "Very good", Good", "Fair" and "Poor" conditions based on the rangeland condition classes, respectively. On the other hand, 14 and 1 rangelands were found as "Healthy" and "Unhealthy" in health categories. There were significant correlations between plant cover and soil depth (r=0.553 * ) and grazing level and soil compaction (r=0.587 * ) in studied rangelands. According to these results half of the rangelands must be used carefully, while other half are need improving immediately.

Uzun süre farklı otlatma baskısında bir veya birden fazla hayvan türü ile otlatılan meraların bazı vejetasyon karakteristikleri (Durum çalışması: Zonguldak ili, Türkiye)

“…In the previous studies in Turkey (Yavuz et al, 2012;Çınar et al, 2014;Ünal et al, 2014;Uzun et al, 2015;İspirli et al, 2016;Seydoşoğlu et al, 2018), it has been noted that the abundance of invasive species in the BC of rangelands is high due to both regional conditions and utilization methods (Seydoşoğlu et al, 2018), which is an indicator of overgrazing. Therefore, the high abundance of both the other families and invader species in the studied rangelands may be related to the GP as well as the GAS, as reported in the previously studies (Batchelor et al, 2015;Uzun et al, 2016). Under overgrazing conditions, these plants benefit over desired range plant species (Kemp et al, 2010;Ouédraogo-Koné et al, 2006).…”

“…There are numerous effects of grazing on rangelands, and these effects have been the subject of much study in pastoral systems, because plant and animal species composition can be dramatically altered with the presence of singlespecies or multiple-species (Read et al, 2011;Erkovan et al, 2016). Indeed, it has been reported that the proportion of land desirable for grazing plant species and the density of plant or richness of species decreased as a result of the elimination of the less grazing-tolerant species (Allred et al, 2012;Uzun et al, 2016). The presence of goats or cattle among multiple-species due to the intensity of their browsing is critical for woody plant suppression and generally vegetation efficacy (Benavides et al, 2009;Read et al, 2011;Allred et al, 2012;Uzun et al, 2015;Alay et al, 2016).…”

Mardin İl ve İlçelerine Bağlı Köy Meralarının Temel Vejetasyon Özellikleri

“…In the previous studies in Turkey, rangeland area rate covered with plants was 60.55% in Ankara province (Unal et al, 2012a), 59.1% in Diyarbakir province (Seydosoglu et al, 2015a), 88.2% in Sinop province (Alay et al, 2016), 93.57% in Bartin province (Uzun et al, 2016). These results indicate that the plant-covered area of rangelands was changed significantly due to both regional conditions and utilization methods.…”

“…In general, botanical composition of rangelands form a group expressed as "other family dominant rangeland" like mentioned as Comakli et al (2012) The vast majority of the studied rangelands were occupied by invader species. In other studies conducted in different regions of Turkey, it was reported that invader species constitute the majority of rangeland vegetation (Erden et al, 1994;Aydin and Uzun, 2000;Sahinoglu, 2010;Uzun et al, 2010;Unal et al, 2011;Koc and Kadioglu, 2012;Unal et al, 2012a and2012b;Yavuz et al, 2012;Unal et al, 2013;Unal et al, 2014;Seydosoglu et al, 2015aSeydosoglu et al, , 2015bSeydosoglu et al, and 2015cUzun et al, 2016;Ispirli et al, 2016).…”

“…The most common invader species were Avena sterilis (3.19%), Trifolium stellatum (3.33%), Medicago rigidula (3.86%), Trifolium nigrescens (2.93%), Bromus tectorum (2.78%), Carduus pycnocephalus (2.00%) ( Table 3). Especially the grass type invader species are found in most natural rangelands in Turkey (Unal et al, 2011;Unal et al, 2012a and2012b;Yavuz et al, 2012;Unal et al, 2013;Unal et al, 2014;Seydosoglu et al, 2015a;Alay et al, 2016;Ispirli et al, 2016;Uzun et al, 2016).…”