Banana xanthomonas wilt continues to spread in Tanzania despite an intensive symptomatic plant removal campaign: an impending socio-economic and ecological disaster

Shimwela, Mpoki; Ploetz, R. C.; Beed, Fen D.; Jones, Jeffrey B.; Blackburn, Jason K.; Mkulila, Shabani I.; Bruggen, A.H.C. van

doi:10.1007/s12571-016-0609-3

Cited by 32 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Our results corroborate with previous findings regarding economic benefits of interventions in QPM (Gunaratna, Groote, Nestel, Pixley, & McCabe, ), OFSP (Cole et al, ), biofortified iron beans (Murekezi et al, ), bananas (Shimwela et al, ), crop‐livestock integration (Mottet et al, ), improved livestock breeds (Argent et al, ) and farmer capacity building (Davis et al, ) to sync sowing time with rainfall (Mottet et al, ), investments in sustainable soil and water management (Shikuku et al, ) and greater participation of non‐state actors (Shin et al, ).…”

Section: Conclusion and Policy Recommendationssupporting

confidence: 91%

Sustainable development in East Africa: impact evaluation of regional agricultural development projects in Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda

Warinda

Nyariki

Wambua

et al. 2020

Natural Resources Forum

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Investments in agricultural technologies, capacity building and policy harmonization are needed to support sustainable development across Africa. Regional development projects can facilitate the adoption of agricultural technologies and innovations across nation‐state borders and generate benefits for shared prosperity. This paper uses panel data from 1,160 smallholder households including beneficiaries and non‐beneficiaries from five countries in East Africa ‐ Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda. From a pool of over 90 projects implemented over a span of 15 years, 23 regional projects are included in this study. The major economic benefits to smallholder participants are higher crop productivity and income, access to adaptable technologies, access to markets, higher livestock and milk production, gender equality, enhanced food security, resilience and capacity building for uptake and scaling up of future innovation platforms. For example, the adoption of low‐cost tissue culture banana by the beneficiaries increased their incomes by 15% in Rwanda while the adoption of appropriate land and water management technologies increased the potato yields from 2.8 tons (USD 2,840/ha) to over 7.5 tons (USD 7,410/ha) in Kenya. The beneficiaries ensured value added to commodities like bananas (for export) and orange‐fleshed sweet potatoes (a nutrition‐sensitive intervention for enhancing domestic intake of vitamin A) in Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda and Uganda. Additionally, milk production increased from 6 to 11 L per cow per day in Uganda and from 6 to 8 L per cow per day in Tanzania, with increases in sales generating USD 115 per cow per month above the non‐beneficiaries. These results are supported by previous studies on technology adoption, investments in agriculture and well‐being outcomes. Our findings with the higher farm income Difference‐in‐Differences (DiD) estimator for the female beneficiaries compared to male beneficiaries might have important implications for investing in regional development projects that will close the gender gap in agricultural productivity in Africa. Regional projects can also support post‐conflict development efforts for food security and peace in fragile contexts such as in Burundi. Our findings might serve as an input to the African Union's Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme, localization of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals related to food security and agriculture in Africa and an input to monitoring, evaluation and learning.

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Section: Conclusion and Policy Recommendationssupporting

confidence: 91%

Sustainable development in East Africa: impact evaluation of regional agricultural development projects in Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda

Warinda

Nyariki

Wambua

et al. 2020

Natural Resources Forum

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“…Most of the respondents think dry season is favorable for occurrence and development of EXW. The results from this study corroborated farmer observations in Uganda and Tanzania that BXW symptoms increased and were more noticeable in dry seasons soon after the wet seasons [7,26]. The incubation period between Xcm infection and EXW symptom development ranges from 2 weeks up to 3 months [7,47].…”

Section: Etiology and Means Of Exw Spreadsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Moreover, the area under maize, potato, sweet potato and taro in the SNNPR has increased significantly in recent years [40]. The same trend was observed in Uganda [41,42] and Tanzania [26].…”

Section: Enset Production Trends Constraint and Source Of Planting Mmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Effective disease management intervention requires a good understanding of disease epidemiology and the pathogen's transmission dynamics in time and space [24][25][26]. Knowledge of the specifics that surround disease development is crucial for identifying risk factors, designing efficient surveillance methods and identifying control strategies [26].…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Knowledge of the specifics that surround disease development is crucial for identifying risk factors, designing efficient surveillance methods and identifying control strategies [26]. Local farmers can provide substantial information about local diseases and practices to manage the disease as farmers' traditional knowledge is often impressively broad and comprehensive [27].…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Farmers’ knowledge and perception of enset Xanthomonas wilt in southern Ethiopia

Yemataw

Mekonen²,

Chala

et al. 2017

Agric & Food Secur

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Background: Enset Xanthomonas wilt (EXW) was first reported in 1939 and continues to threaten the sustainability of farming systems in south and southwestern parts of Ethiopia. The present study was conducted in the central zones of southern Ethiopia to assess farmers' knowledge and perception about EXW, its etiology and mode of transmission, and its implications for the management of EXW. Methods:A survey was conducted in 240 households across Hadiya, Kembata-Tembaro and Wolaita zones of southern Ethiopia using focus group discussions and a structured questionnaire to assess farmers' perceptions of causes and modes of EXW transmission, and their knowledge on symptom identification. In addition, EXW prevalence, incidence and severity were determined for each zone. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics. Results:The results showed that a significant number of farmers are aware of EXW, its symptoms, etiology and transmission and spread, but they are not able to readily relate modes of spread to control methods. Since 2002, EXW became prominent in Hadiya, with the highest EXW incidence and severity, followed by Wolaita, and Kembata-Tembaro. Farmers identified EXW as the major cause for declining production and productivity of enset in the region. Conclusion:EXW has spread widely and rapidly in southern Ethiopia, with significant socioeconomic impacts in smallholders' livelihoods. There is a need for developing knowledge-based strategies and awareness-raising campaign for EXW management.

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Genetically engineered bananas resistant to Xanthomonas wilt disease and nematodes

Tripathi

Atkinson

Roderick

et al. 2017

Food and Energy Security

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Banana is an important staple food crop feeding more than 100 million Africans, but is subject to severe productivity constraints due to a range of pests and diseases. Banana Xanthomonas wilt caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum is capable of entirely destroying a plantation while nematodes can cause losses up to 50% and increase susceptibility to other pests and diseases. Development of improved varieties of banana is fundamental in order to tackle these challenges. However, the sterile nature of the crop and the lack of resistance in Musa germplasm make improvement by traditional breeding techniques either impossible or extremely slow. Recent developments using genetic engineering have begun to address these problems. Transgenic banana expressing sweet pepper Hrap and Pflp genes have demonstrated complete resistance against X. campestris pv. musacearum in the field. Transgenic plantains expressing a cysteine proteinase inhibitors and/or synthetic peptide showed enhanced resistance to a mixed species population of nematodes in the field. Here, we review the genetic engineering technologies which have potential to improve agriculture and food security in Africa.

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Banana xanthomonas wilt continues to spread in Tanzania despite an intensive symptomatic plant removal campaign: an impending socio-economic and ecological disaster

Cited by 32 publications

References 26 publications

Sustainable development in East Africa: impact evaluation of regional agricultural development projects in Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda

Sustainable development in East Africa: impact evaluation of regional agricultural development projects in Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda

Farmers’ knowledge and perception of enset Xanthomonas wilt in southern Ethiopia

Genetically engineered bananas resistant to Xanthomonas wilt disease and nematodes

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