Bamboo Leaves as Sustainable Sources for the Preparation of Amorphous Carbon/Iron Silicate Anode and Nickel–Cobalt Silicate Cathode Materials for Hybrid Supercapacitors

Abstract

The design and discovery of sustainable electrode materials with outstanding capacitance for energy storage from environmentally friendly biomass as the raw material are a task filled with challenges and opportunities. In this work, we demonstrate that the hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) device is assembled by metal silicates for the first time. The amorphous carbon/iron silicate (C/Fe 24 Si 4 O 43 (OH) 2 , denoted as C/FeSi) anode and cobalt−nickel silicate (Co x Ni 2−x SiO 4 , denoted as CoNiSi) cathode materials are derived naturally from bamboo leaves (BLs) for the HSC device. The BLs-derived C/ FeSi displays FeSi nanoparticles in situ growth on 3D hierarchical porous carbon, leading to high specific surface area, outstanding specific capacitance of 421 F•g −1 at 0.5 A•g −1 , and prominent cycle performance of 86% retention after 10 000 cycles. The CoNiSi presents a 3D petal-like sheet structure and exhibits excellent electrochemical properties with 368 F•g −1 (184 C•g −1 ) at 0.5 A•g −1 and 89% retention after 10 000 cycles. The fabricated quasi-solid-state C/FeSi// CoNiSi HSC device delivers a remarkable areal specific capacitance of 492 mF•cm −2 (96 F•g −1 ) at 4 mA•cm −2 and a brilliant energy density of 3.35 Wh•m −2 (6.55 Wh•kg −1 ) at 3.5 W•m −2 (68.36 W•kg −1 ), which are preferable to most of state-of-the-art silicates-based SCs. The series-wound C/FeSi//CoNiSi HSC device can light up the red LED for over 2 min. These strengths prove that both C/ FeSi and CoNiSi architectures derived from BLs can be regarded as hopeful and first-class electrode materials for SCs with excellent performance. This work not only supplies a potential thread for the construction of metal silicate architectures to recycle biomass rich in silicon to synthesize useful materials but also demonstrates that the high-performance HSC device can be achieved by using the biomass-derived silicates.

Tin Oxide/Vertically Aligned Graphene Hybrid Electrodes Prepared by Sonication-Assisted Sequential Chemical Bath Deposition for High-Performance Supercapacitors

“…Supercapacitors have received considerable attention in the field of energy storage because of their high power densities, fast charging/discharging rates, and long life cycles. , Supercapacitor electrodes can be classified into three types depending on their energy-storage mechanism: electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs), pseudocapacitors, and hybrid electrodes. , EDLCs, which are based on the physical accumulation of charged species on the electrode surface, have a high power density; however, their energy density is low. , Carbon-based materials are commonly used for fabricating EDLC electrodes because of their large specific surface area (SSA) and superior electrical conductivity. , Among them, graphene has attracted interest owing to its excellent electrical conductivity with a large SSA . Pseudocapacitors, which store energy through surface redox or Faradaic reactions, exhibit higher energy densities than EDLCs .…”

“… 1 , 2 Supercapacitor electrodes can be classified into three types depending on their energy-storage mechanism: electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs), pseudocapacitors, and hybrid electrodes. 3 , 4 EDLCs, which are based on the physical accumulation of charged species on the electrode surface, have a high power density; however, their energy density is low. 3 , 5 Carbon-based materials are commonly used for fabricating EDLC electrodes because of their large specific surface area (SSA) and superior electrical conductivity.…”

Perylenediimide/Graphite Foil‐Based Electrode Materials with Outstanding Cycling Stability for Symmetric Supercapacitor Device Architectures

“…Zhang et al reported biomass obtained from bamboo leaves with metal silicates showed specific energy density of 6.55 Wh kg −1 and power density of 68.36 W kg −1 . [ 51,52 ] These results indicate that both the specific energy density and specific power density in this PDI‐Py/GF//PDI‐Py/GF SSC are highly competitive. The SC performance of this cell can be attributed to a large increase in active behavior of PDI‐Py in Faradaic redox reaction, suggesting the potential application of organic materials in enhancing the electrochemical performance.…”

Porous Carbon@Ferric Silicate Hollow Spheres for Enhanced Lithium and Sodium Storage

“…The binding energy separation is 13.6 eV, manifesting the characteristic peak of Fe 2+ in ferric silicate. [ 40 ] The corresponding satellite peaks locate at 716.3 and 729.8 eV, respectively. [ 41,42 ] Si 2 p peak centered at 102.5 eV indicates the formation of FS rather than the mixture of FS and SiO 2 , for Si 2 p in SiO 2 centered at the binding energy is more than 103 eV (Figure 2c).…”