Perylenediimide/Graphite Foil‐Based Electrode Materials with Outstanding Cycling Stability for Symmetric Supercapacitor Device Architectures

Abstract

In our daily lives, electrochemical energy storage technology is of great importance due to our dependence on renewable energy sources (such as solar, wind, geothermal, tidal, and biofuel energy), portable electronics, and forecast of the tremendous markets for electrification of transportation in the near future. [1][2][3][4] The electricity (electric power) can be electrochemically stored in batteries, fuel cells, and electrochemical supercapacitors (SCs). [5,6] Among these electrical energy storage (EES) devices, SCs have attracted more attention due to their higher charge-discharge efficiency, outstanding power density, and significant cyclic stability. [7][8][9][10] In the operation of SCs, there are two types of charge storage mechanisms such as 1) electrical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) and 2) pseudocapacitors, i.e., Faradaic redox reactions stored the charge. [11] Moreover, in recent years, hybrid capacitors are developed, which consists of an electrode for EDLCs and a battery electrode. [12,13] In last two decades, it was investigated that pseudocapacitors can yield 10-100 times higher specific capacitance than EDLCs. [14,15] For pseudocapacitors, the most commonly utilized electrode materials are transition-metal oxides [16][17][18] and conducting polymers such as polyaniline, polythiophene, and polypyrrole. [19][20][21] The pseudocapacitors based on conducting polymers are more cost-effective than transitionmetal oxides but displayed delayed behavior of Faradaic redox reactions leading to lower power density than EDLCs, swelling of electrodes, which, in turn, hamper the cycle-life stability of the SCs. [22,23] To overcome these drawbacks, in recent decade energy storage devices based on organic molecule electrodes (OMEs) have been developed. [24] Although the OMEs are very good, inexpensive, and green alternative electrode materials, their performance is not up to the mark when compared to inorganic counterparts. [25] Researchers overcome these limitations by fabricating electrode materials using organic molecules with desired properties and conducting carbon scaffolds. The carbon scaffolds are modified with the organic compounds via noncovalent interactions such as π-π stacking or covalent chemical bond formation. [26] Thus, the organic compounds are anchored on carbon materials, which, in turn, prevent their migration in

Molecular engineered A–D–A–D–A organic electrode system for efficient supercapacitor applications

“…It is well documented that the estimated C sp for an SC depends on the type of cell configuration. 65 We employed an NDI-Trp-DP /GF-based organic electrode material for the fabrication of a three-electrode supercapacitor device and a two-electrode symmetric SC, and the C sp values were estimated using CV and GCD curves (Table 1, Fig. 2, and Table 2, Fig.…”

Rational Design of Ultrastable Conjugated Microporous Polymers Based on Pyrene and Perylene Units as High-Performance Organic Electrode Materials for Supercapacitor Applications

“…One class of compounds that have found application as electrodes in various SC systems is perylene dianhydride (PDI). , PDI offers key features, such as the creation of large surface area structures driven by interactions and the participation of delocalized electrons in reversible redox processes . Pyrene (Py) has a distinctive planar fused ring structure and is made up of four benzene rings.…”

Energy Storage Application of Conducting Polymers Featuring Dual Acceptors: Exploring Conjugation and Flexible Chain Length Effects

“…[20] Some additional reports on similar types of D-A polymers for energy storage applications are summarized in Table S1 (Supporting Information). [16,[26][27][28][29][30][31] Although a few D-A CPs have exhibited moderate performances, significant efforts are still required to develop efficient CPs with novel molecular designs as electrode materials for practical applications.…”