Bacteriological profile and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of blood culture isolates among febrile patients in Mekelle Hospital, Northern Ethiopia

Abstract

Bacterial bloodstream infections are a major public health problem, which leads to high morbidity and mortality of patients. On time diagnosis and appropriate medication will be the best way to save the lives of affected ones. The aim of the present study was to determine the bacterial profile of bloodstream infections and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern in Mekelle Hospital. Cross sectional study method was carried out in 514 (269 females and 245 males) febrile patients in Mekelle hospital from March to October 2014. Standard bacteriological methods were used for blood collection, bacterial isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. Out of the total 514 febrile patients, 144 (28%) culture positive were isolated. Staphylococcus aureus 54 (37.5%), Coagulase-negative staphylococci 44 (30.6%), Escherichia coli 16 (3.1%), Citrobacter spp. 9 (1.7%) and Salmonella typhi 8 (1.6%) were the most dominant isolates, collectively accounting for >90% of the isolates. Antimicrobial resistance pattern for gram positive and gram negative bacteria was 0–83.3% and 0–100%, respectively. High resistance was seen to Trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole 101 (70.1%), Oxacillin 65 (62.5%), Ceftriaxone 79 (58.9%) and Doxycycline 71 (49.3%). Fifty-nine percent of the isolated bacteria in this study were multi drug resistant. Most bacterial isolates were sensitive to Gentamicin, Ciprofloxacin and Amoxicillin clavulanic acid. All gram positive isolates in this current study were sensitive to vancomycin. Prevalence of bacterial isolates in blood was high. It also reveals isolated bacteria species developed multi drug resistance to most of the antibiotics tested, which highlights for periodic surveillance of etiologic agent, antibiotic susceptibility to prevent further emergence and spread of resistant bacterial pathogens.

Study of prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of blood culture isolates from a tertiary care hospital of North India

“…CoNS and Enterococcus species isolates showed higher level of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics than Staphylococcus aureus, which is similar to other studies. 40 Antimicrobial resistance profile of Gram-negative bacteria showed a higher rate of resistance as compared with Gram-positive bacteria as has also been shown in these studies. 39,40 Most of the Gram-negative bacteria were multidrug resistant with a very high resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics.…”

“…40 Antimicrobial resistance profile of Gram-negative bacteria showed a higher rate of resistance as compared with Gram-positive bacteria as has also been shown in these studies. 39,40 Most of the Gram-negative bacteria were multidrug resistant with a very high resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. Meropenem resistance was seen in 10-30% isolates.…”

Antimicrobial resistance in Africa: a systematic review

“…Two (2/19, 10.6%) [ 16 , 17 ] of the studies which reported on Citrobacter spp. were from HAI; five (5/19, 26.3%) from community acquired infections of which three (3/5) came from pregnant women at antenatal care follow up [ 18 – 20 ] and two (2/5) had unknown risk factors [ 21 , 22 ]. S .…”

Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance in Escherichia coli from the Fecal Flora of Humans in a Rural Area of Songkhla Province

“…When compared with the rural areas of other countries such as Korea, Philippines, India, Venezuela, Mexico, Peru, Kenya, Ghana Zimbabwe and Etiopia [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] , the maximum levels of resistance were found in amoxicillin and oxytetracycline. The highest maximum levels of resistance in urban areas were found in amoxicillin, oxytetracycline, and trimethoprim.…”