The initial deposition of bacteria in most aquatic systems is affected by the presence of a conditioning film adsorbed at the liquid-solid interface. Due to the inherent complexity of such films, their impact on bacterial deposition remains poorly defined. The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of the effect of a conditioning film on the deposition of motile and nonmotile Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells in a radial stagnation point flow system. A well-defined alginate film was used as a model conditioning film because of its polysaccharide and polyelectrolyte nature. Deposition experiments under favorable (nonrepulsive) conditions demonstrated the importance of swimming motility for cell transport towards the substrate. The impact of the flagella of motile cells on deposition is dependent on the presence of the conditioning film. We showed that on a clean substrate surface, electrostatic repulsion governs bacterial deposition and the presence of flagella increases cell deposition. However, our results suggest that steric interactions between flagella and extended polyelectrolytes of the conditioning film hinder cell deposition. At a high ionic strength (100 mM), active swimming motility and changes in alginate film structure suppressed the steric barrier and allowed conditions favorable for deposition. We demonstrated that bacterial deposition is highly influenced by cell motility and the structure of the conditioning film, which are both dependent on ionic strength.Biofilm formation or biofouling, a widespread problem in aquatic environments, can negatively affect processes in natural, engineered, and biomedical systems, resulting in contaminated aquifers (25), fouled membranes (3), and infected catheters and biomedical implants (40). The accumulation of metabolically active microorganisms on surfaces can lead to material degradation and affect system performance through energy cost increases and reduction in expected life spans. Biofouling control remains a major challenge because of the intricate processes involved in biofilm development, such as bacterial deposition, growth, and maturation (10). A better understanding of bacterial deposition-the step that initiates biofouling-can be used to develop improved control and prevention strategies in order to reduce the adverse impacts of biofilms on aquatic environments.Most fundamental studies have investigated the initial deposition of microbes in oversimplified systems using ultraclean surfaces as a surrogate for the solid-liquid interface (19,21). However, the properties of the solid-liquid interface are altered by the adsorption of polyelectrolytes, such as humic substances and polysaccharides in natural aquatic systems (31) and glycoproteins, lipids, and nucleotides in biomedical systems (1). Because of its charged and macromolecular nature, this polyelectrolyte film, known as the conditioning film, changes the physicochemical properties of the surface (37) (e.g., surface roughness and surface charge distribution), which affects bacterial depo...