“…Consistent with this mechanism, the killing efficiency of nanopatterned surfaces is known to be size sensitive; however, a clear design strategy remains elusive. Several experimental studies have established that killing efficiency can be modulated by only varying nanopattern dimensions, such as nanopillar radius, spacing and height [4,5,10,11,14,16,[19][20][21][22][23]. Such studies have been typically conducted by evaluating the killing efficiencies of different nanopattern designs from, either, (i) different cicada wing species [19,21,23], (ii) different exposure times with reactive ion etching [10,11,14], or (iii) different write patterns with electron beam lithography [16].…”