Bacterial and fungal deterioration of the Milan Cathedral marble treated with protective synthetic resins

Cappitelli, Francesca; Principi, Pamela; Pedrazzani, Roberta; Toniolo, Lucia; Sorlini, C.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.06.022

Cited by 112 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…γ-Proteobacteria, and particularly Pseudomonas, were also frequently detected [14]. Similar results were obtained by Cappitelli et al [15], who studied surfaces coated with epoxy resins and isolated Gram-positive bacteria of the Bacillus, Brevibacillus, Micrococcus, Staphylococcus and Kocuria genus, as well as Gram-negative bacteria from the genus of Pseudomonas, Agrobacterium and Ochrobacter [15]. In addition, researchers [14] identified several species of black yeast: Friedmanniomyces endolithicus, Pseudotaeniolina globosa, Phaeococcomyces catenatus and Catenulostroma germanicum.…”

Section: Biodeteriorationsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…and Cladosporium sp. [9,11,14,15,[32][33][34][35][36] were also frequently found. In addition, Lugauskas et al (2003) identified fungi from the genera of Aureobasidium pullulans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus versicolor, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Paecilomyces sulphurellus, Trichoderma viride, Ulocladium atrum as capable of degrading polymer materials [37].…”

Section: Biodeteriorationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Paint-degrading microorganisms

Kurowski

Vogt

Ogonowski

2017

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Section: Biodeteriorationsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Biodeteriorationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paint-degrading microorganisms

Kurowski

Vogt

Ogonowski

2017

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“…Proteobacteria was the most representative phylum detected in these samples. Their presence have been previously reported and comprises common members of the bacterial community considering stone materials (Gurtner et al, 2000;Piñ ar et al, 2002;Akatova et al, 2007;Cappitelli et al, 2007). Stone monuments can represent extreme habitats, favouring the growth of a variety of specialized microorganisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Growth of phototrophic biofilms from limestone monuments under laboratory conditions

Miller

Láiz

Dionísio

et al. 2009

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

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a b s t r a c tIn the current study, five phototrophic biofilms from different Southern Europe limestone monuments were characterised by molecular techniques and cultivated under laboratory conditions. Phototrophic biofilms were collected from Orologio Tower in Martano (Italy), Santa Clara-a-Velha Monastery and Ajuda National Palace, both in Portugal, and Seville and Granada Cathedrals from Spain. The biofilms were grown under laboratory conditions and periodically sampled in order to monitor their evolution over a three-month period. Prokaryotic communities from natural samples and cultivated biofilms were monitored using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene fragments in conjunction with clone sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. DNA-based molecular analysis of 16S rRNA gene fragments from the natural green biofilms revealed complex and different communities composition with respect to phototrophic microorganisms. The biofilms from Orologio Tower (Martano, Italy) and Santa Clara-a-Velha Monastery (Coimbra, Portugal) were dominated by the microalga Chlorella. The cyanobacterium Chroococcidiopsis was the dominating genus from Ajuda National Palace biofilm (Lisbon, Portugal). The biofilms from Seville and Granada Cathedrals (Spain) were both dominated by the cyanobacterium Pleurocapsa. The DGGE analysis of the cultivated biofilms showed that the communities developed differently in terms of species establishment and community composition during the threemonth incubation period. The biofilm culture from Coimbra (Portugal) showed a remarkable stability of the microbial components of the natural community in laboratory conditions. With this work, a multiple-species community assemblage was obtained for further stone colonisation experiments.

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“…All these microorganisms may be involved in biodeterioration, e.g., biopitting by penetration of fungi in the material surface but also as staining caused by algae and black pigmented fungi (Sterflinger and Krumbein 1997;McNamara et al 2006;Polo et al 2010 and references therein). A multitude of studies documented the deterioration of marble monuments and building facades by weathering, pollution and microbial communities (Gromov 1963;Lamenti et al 2000;Gorbushina et al 2002;Moropoulou et al 2002;Cappitelli et al 2007;Weber et al 2007;Sert and Sterflinger 2010;Hallmann et al 2011a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different cleaning methods and conservation procedures were developed, based on chemical compounds (Young and Urquhart 1998;Moropoulou et al 2002;Polo et al 2010), excimer laser cleaning (Maravelaki-Kalaitzaki et al 1999), protective synthetic resins (Cappitelli et al 2007) or application of biomimetic apatite (Yang et al 2012). Even biological treatments with sulfate reducing bacteria for black crust removal were established (Cappitelli et al 2006;Konkol et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptogam covers on sepulchral monuments and re-colonization of a marble surface after cleaning

et al. 2013

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Re-colonization of freshly cleaned surfaces by aeroterrestrial microbial communities is up to now poorly understood. Here, we present a comparative study addressing the composition of algal and fungal communities on a marble sculpture, based upon the analysis of 18S rRNA gene clone libraries from environmental samples. The samples were taken from a blackish and greenish biofilm cover before surface cleaning and 1 year after cleaning treatment, when traces of re-colonization became visible to the naked eye. The composition of the fungal community indicated clear differences between the old grown biofilm and the treated surface. While the former was dominated by the ascomycetes Rhinocladiella, Glyphium and Capnodiales, the black yeast Sarcinomyces was clearly dominant 1 year after cleaning, but could not be retrieved from the old grown black biofilm. The green algal community was dominated by different phylotypes of the lichen algae Trebouxia, as well as the cosmopolitan green algae Apatococcus and Stichococcus. No essential differences in the green algal community before and after cleaning could be observed.

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Bacterial and fungal deterioration of the Milan Cathedral marble treated with protective synthetic resins

Cited by 112 publications

References 34 publications

Paint-degrading microorganisms

Paint-degrading microorganisms

Growth of phototrophic biofilms from limestone monuments under laboratory conditions

Cryptogam covers on sepulchral monuments and re-colonization of a marble surface after cleaning

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