Bacteria and antiviral immunity in insects

Johnson, Karyn N.

doi:10.1016/j.cois.2015.01.008

Cited by 27 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…In A. aegypti, the microbiota in the mosquito has been reported to influence the susceptibility to infection to arboviruses [13,15,16]. For example, DENV replication has been reported to be affected by gut bacteria [17,18] which exert antiviral activity through mechanisms not completely understood [13,[19][20][21], but that may be indirectly associated to innate antiviral responses and antimicrobial peptides by the gut microbiota [17]. Studies on the microbiome reinforce the great potential for the development of microbial-based strategies to control vector-borne pathogens [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High prevalence of Phasi Charoen-like virus from wild-caught Aedes aegypti in Grenada, W.I. as revealed by metagenomic analysis

et al. 2020

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Arboviruses cause diseases of significant global health concerns. Interactions between mosquitoes and their microbiota as well as the important role of this interaction in the mosquito's capacity to harbor and transmit pathogens have emerged as important fields of research. Aedes aegypti is one of the most abundant mosquitoes in many geographic locations, a vector capable of transmitting a number of arboviruses such as dengue and Zika. Currently, there are few studies on the metavirome of this mosquito particularly in the Americas. This study analyzes the metavirome of A. aegypti from Grenada, a Caribbean nation with tropical weather, abundant A. aegypti, and both endemic and arboviral pathogens transmitted by this mosquito. Between January and December 2018, 1152 mosquitoes were collected from six semi-rural locations near houses in St. George Parish, Grenada, by weekly trapping using BG-Sentinel traps. From these, 300 A. aegypti were selected for analysis. The metavirome was analyzed using the Illumina HiSeq 1500 for deep sequencing. The generation sequencing library construction protocol used was NuGEN Universal RNA with an average read length of 125 bp. Reads were mapped to the A. aegypti assembly. Non-mosquito reads were analyzed using the tools FastViromeExplorer. The NCBI total virus, RNA virus, and eukaryotic virus databases were used as references. The metagenomic comparison analysis showed that the most abundant virus-related reads among all databases and assemblies was Phasi Charoen-like virus. The Phasi Charoen-like virus results are in agreement to other studies in America, Asia and Australia. Further studies using wild-caught mosquitoes is needed to assess the impact of this insect-specific virus on the A. aegypti lifecycle and vector capacity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High prevalence of Phasi Charoen-like virus from wild-caught Aedes aegypti in Grenada, W.I. as revealed by metagenomic analysis

et al. 2020

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“…Wolbachia pipientis is a Gram-negative endosymbiotic bacterium present in about 40-65 % of insect species, in addition to other arthropods and nematodes (Hilgenboecker et al, 2008;Jeyaprakash & Hoy, 2000). Amazingly, when present in an insect, in the majority of cases, it blocks replication of viruses (reviewed by Johnson, 2015). However, some of the major mosquito vectors are devoid of Wolbachia, but when transinfected with Wolbachia from another insect host, virus protection is conferred (Moreira et al, 2009;Xi et al, 2005).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Wolbachia suppresses cell fusing agent virus in mosquito cells

Zhang

Etebari

Asgari

2016

Journal of General Virology

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The genus Flavivirus contains a large number of positive-sense ssRNA viruses. While some are transmitted by mosquitoes or other arthropods and are pathogenic to humans and animals (e.g. dengue and Zika viruses), some are insect-specific and do not replicate in vertebrate cells. These are known as insect-specific flaviviruses (ISFs). Cell fusing agent virus (CFAV) was the first described ISF, which was detected in an Aedes aegypti cell line, Aag2. Here, we investigated the effect of Wolbachia, a widespread endosymbiont of many insect species, that is known to block replication of several pathogenic flaviviruses, on CFAV. Our results demonstrated that, in mosquito cells, Wolbachia vastly suppresses replication of CFAV, with significantly less CFAV viral interfering small RNAs produced in the cells. However, removal of Wolbachia with tetracycline led to increased CFAV replication. These results suggest that Wolbachia is also able to suppress an ISF.

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“…The endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia pipientis can stimulate antiviral protection in some insects (Johnson, 2015a;Rainey et al, 2014) and there is evidence that this may be linked to Wolbachia-stimulated ROS accumulation (Johnson, 2015b;Pan et al, 2012;Wong et al, 2015). Wolbachia is a maternally inherited bacterium that resides in membrane-bound vacuoles in the cytoplasm of the host cell, and is commonly found in insect species including Drosophila (Werren et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of ERK activation on fly survival and Wolbachia-mediated protection during virus infection

Wong

Brownlie

Johnson

2016

Journal of General Virology

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Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) provide protection against virus-induced mortality in Drosophila. In addition to contributing to oxidative stress, ROS are known to activate a number of signalling pathways including the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) signalling cascade. It was recently shown that ERK signalling is important for resistance against viral replication and invasion in cultured Drosophila cells and the gut epithelium of adult flies. Here, using a Drosophila loss-of-function ERK (rolled) mutant we demonstrated that ERK is important for fly survival during virus infection. ERK mutant flies subjected to Drosophila C virus (DCV) oral and systemic infection were more susceptible to virus-induced mortality as compared with wild-type flies. We have demonstrated experimentally that ERK activation is important for fly survival during oral and systemic virus infection. Given that elevated ROS correlates with Wolbachia-mediated antiviral protection, we also investigated the involvement of ERK in antiviral protection in flies infected by Wolbachia. The results indicate that ERK activation is increased in the presence of Wolbachia but this does not appear to influence Wolbachia-mediated antiviral protection, at least during systemic infection.

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Bacteria and antiviral immunity in insects

Cited by 27 publications

References 66 publications

High prevalence of Phasi Charoen-like virus from wild-caught Aedes aegypti in Grenada, W.I. as revealed by metagenomic analysis

High prevalence of Phasi Charoen-like virus from wild-caught Aedes aegypti in Grenada, W.I. as revealed by metagenomic analysis

Wolbachia suppresses cell fusing agent virus in mosquito cells

Impact of ERK activation on fly survival and Wolbachia-mediated protection during virus infection

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