Backyard Poultry Flocks and Salmonellosis: A Recurring, Yet Preventable Public Health Challenge

Behravesh, Casey Barton; Brinson, Denise; Hopkins, Brett A.; Gomez, Thomas M.

doi:10.1093/cid/ciu067

Cited by 90 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…55 Interestingly, despite evidence indicating increased risk of Salmonella infection from contact with backyard poultry, a study of backyard poultry owners in Los Angeles, CA, indicated that only one half of owners believed that poultry in urban areas could lead to more illness in humans. 56,57 Past zoonotic disease outbreaks in Yaruquí or educational campaigns in the area may have contributed to the relatively high level of awareness of zoonotic disease transmission observed in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Animal Husbandry Practices and Perceptions of Zoonotic Infectious Disease Risks Among Livestock Keepers in a Rural Parish of Quito, Ecuador

Lowenstein

Waters

Roess

et al. 2016

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Small-scale livestock production plays an essential role as a source of income and nutrition for households in low-and middle-income countries, yet these practices can also increase risk of zoonotic infectious diseases, especially among young children. To mitigate this risk, there is a need to better understand how livestock producers perceive and manage risks of disease transmission. Twenty semistructured, in-depth interviews were conducted with small-scale livestock producers in a semirural parish of Quito, Ecuador. Interviews explored livestock-raising practices, including animal health-care practices and use of antimicrobials, family members' interactions with livestock and other animals, and perceptions of health risk associated with these practices and activities. Interviews were analyzed for common themes. Awareness of zoonotic disease transmission was widespread, yet few study participants considered raising livestock a significant health risk for themselves or their families. Several study households reported handling and consuming meat or poultry from sick or dead animals and using animal waste as a fertilizer on their crops. Households typically diagnosed and treated their sick animals, occasionally seeking treatment advice from employees of local animal feed stores where medications, including antimicrobials, are available over the counter. Despite a basic understanding of zoonotic disease risk, this study identified several factors, such as the handling and consumption of sick and dead animals and purchasing medications for sick animals over the counter, that potentially increase the risk of zoonotic disease transmission as well as the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Animal Husbandry Practices and Perceptions of Zoonotic Infectious Disease Risks Among Livestock Keepers in a Rural Parish of Quito, Ecuador

Lowenstein

Waters

Roess

et al. 2016

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Given the large number of infants and young children sickened in these outbreaks, pediatricians and their staff are uniquely positioned to educate families with young children about high-risk pets, including turtles. 27 A large proportion of case-patients affected by these outbreaks were Hispanic; however, we did not explore the potential reasons for this observation. …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 98%

Outbreaks of Salmonellosis From Small Turtles

et al. 2016

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OBJECTIVE: Turtle-associated salmonellosis (TAS), especially in children, is a reemerging public health issue. In 1975, small pet turtles (shell length <4 inches) sales were banned by federal law; reductions in pediatric TAS followed. Since 2006, the number of multistate TAS outbreaks has increased. We describe 8 multistate outbreaks with illness-onset dates occurring in 2011–2013. METHODS: We conducted epidemiologic, environmental, and traceback investigations. Cases were defined as infection with ≥1 of 10 molecular subtypes of Salmonella Sandiego, Pomona, Poona, Typhimurium, and I 4,[5],12:i:-. Water samples from turtle habitats linked to human illnesses were cultured for Salmonella. RESULTS: We identified 8 outbreaks totaling 473 cases from 41 states, Washington DC, and Puerto Rico with illness onsets during May 2011–September 2013. The median patient age was 4 years (range: 1 month–94 years); 45% percent were Hispanic; and 28% were hospitalized. In the week preceding illness, 68% (187 of 273) of case-patients reported turtle exposure; among these, 88% (124 of 141) described small turtles. Outbreak strains were isolated from turtle habitats linked to human illnesses in seven outbreaks. Traceback investigations identified 2 Louisiana turtle farms as the source of small turtles linked to 1 outbreak; 1 outbreak strain was isolated from turtle pond water from 1 turtle farm. CONCLUSIONS: Eight multistate outbreaks associated with small turtles were investigated during 2011–2013. Children <5 years and Hispanics were disproportionately affected. Prevention efforts should focus on patient education targeting families with young children and Hispanics and enactment of state and local regulations to complement federal sales restrictions.

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“…Consumption of foods of animal origin such as eggs, egg products, meat, meat products, milk and milk products are the major sources of salmonellosis for human (Behravesh et al, 2014;Crump and Heyderman, 2014;McEntire et al, 2014). Avian salmonellosis can be divided into two types; these are pullorum disease caused by Salmonella pullorum, and fowl typhoid which is caused by S.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular detection and antibiogram of Salmonella spp. from apparently healthy Japanese quails of three different quail farms in Mymensingh

et al. 2018

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Objective: The present study was carried out for the isolation, identification and antibiogram study of Salmonella spp. from apparently healthy Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica) at three different quail farms in Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Materials and methods: A total of 75 cloacal swab samples were randomly collected from apparently healthy Japanese quails from three different farms at Mymensingh, Bangladesh. The samples were subjected to a series of cultural and biochemical examination for the isolation of Salmonella followed by molecular detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Motility of the Salmonella was performed by motility test and amplification of speF gene. The antibiogram profile of the isolates was also evaluated against commonly used antimicrobials by disc diffusion method. Results: The overall prevalence of Salmonella spp. in quails was found to be 13.33%(n=10/75). Out of the 10 isolates, seven were found to be motile. Farmwise, the prevalence of Salmonella spp. were 10%(n=3/30), 24%(n=6/25) and 5%(n=1/20) at the quail farms of Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Shikarikanda and Akua, respectively. The antibiogram study revealed that all the isolates were resistant to both Erythromycin and Tetracycline. On the other hand, 100% isolates were sensitive to both Ciprofloxacin and Imipenem. Ninety percent isolates of Salmonella were resistant to Colistin sulphate. Neomycin was found to be sensitive to 80% Salmonella isolates. All the Salmonella isolates were found to be multidrug resistant (MDR). Conclusion:The presence of MDR Salmonella spp. in quails signifies public health importance of the organisms, which may be associated with food-borne illness.

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Backyard Poultry Flocks and Salmonellosis: A Recurring, Yet Preventable Public Health Challenge

Cited by 90 publications

References 19 publications

Animal Husbandry Practices and Perceptions of Zoonotic Infectious Disease Risks Among Livestock Keepers in a Rural Parish of Quito, Ecuador

Animal Husbandry Practices and Perceptions of Zoonotic Infectious Disease Risks Among Livestock Keepers in a Rural Parish of Quito, Ecuador

Outbreaks of Salmonellosis From Small Turtles

Molecular detection and antibiogram of Salmonella spp. from apparently healthy Japanese quails of three different quail farms in Mymensingh

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