“…Large electric fields (0-400 kV/cm) can be achieved in thin film BST (224 nm) using low voltages [2]. For ferroelectric BST film, the tunable properties are most researched in the microwave region and in the terahertz range by the means of dc electric-field [8,9,10], or by the means of codoping and adjusting sintering temperature for attain the high modulation of Ba0.67Sr0.33TiO3 ceramics [2], or adopted the method of temperature control [2]. Due to the excellent optical performance, many properties of the film have been experimentally and theoretically studied [11].…”