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Abstract

Purpose: to identify the optimal load parameters in the process of power training of Mixed Martial Arts athletes with a wrestling style on the basis of studying adaptive and compensatory body reactions in conditions of intense muscular activity of different intensity and volume of work.Material: We examined 40 sportsmen aged (21 ± 0.8), who participated in Mixed Martial Arts fights during the last (2.0 ± 0.3) years and used predominantly a wrestling style of fighting. The athletes were divided into 2 groups: group A and B. The participants of group A used the low-intensity load and the large amount of work in the training process. Athletes of group B used loads of high intensity and small volume of work. Morphometric, biochemical, and statistical methods of research were used to study the features of adaptive and compensatory body reactions of these athletes in conditions of power training of different intensity. Results: The obtained results show that athletes of group A increased their circumference indices by 1.9% on average after 3 months of research. In group B, for the same period of time, the studied indices increased by 5.5% on average compared to the baseline data. It was noted that at the beginning of the study, the cortisol concentration in blood serum of group A athletes decreased after exercises by 23.9% in comparison with the basal ones. This fact indicates compensatory reactions to the stimulus and high energy costs. We observed completely opposite changes in group B sportsmen. They were expressed in the increase of the studied indicator by 46% in comparison with the data recorded before exercises. This fact testifies to the adequacy of the loads to the functional body capabilities of this group of athletes. The results of biochemical control of the changes in the hormone testosterone and the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase in the blood of both groups' athletes confirm the fact that it is the use of high-intensity loads that promotes the enhancement of the athletes' adaptive body capabilities for training activities in MMA. Conclusions: The analysis of the results obtained during the series of experimental studies indicates the necessity of correcting load parameters during power training. It should be based on the analysis of athletes' adaptive and compensatory body reactions to a stress stimulus. Otherwise there should be developed completely new training programs.

The State of the Cardiovascular System of Qualified Table Tennis Athletes at the Stage of Competitive Activity

“…На основі результатів багаторічних досліджень, спрямованих на вивчення адаптації серцево-судинної системи спортсмена до тренувальних та змагальних навантажень, стало можливим виявити об'єктивні ознаки порушення функціонального стану серцево-судинної системи спортсменів різної спеціалізації. Оптимальне, раціональне навантаження значною мірою позитивно впливає на стан серцево-судинної системи [9,10].…”

Biochemical profile in mixed martial arts athletes

“…Mixed martial arts (MMA) is a sport growing in popularity around the world. The competitors must be comprehensively prepared in many aspects of physical fitness ( Chernozub et al, 2019 ). Professional bouts consist of three or five 5-minute rounds, whilst amateur bouts are 3 × 3-minute rounds, with the winner determined by a referees’ decision after the allotted time or the fight won ahead of time by knockout, technical knockout, submission, or disqualification ( Rainey, 2009 ).…”

“…The implementation of training loads together with frequent aggressive strategies aimed at body mass reduction force coaches to employ a large array of biomarkers to streamline the training process ( Kasper et al, 2019 ; Kirk et al, 2021 ). A better understanding of reaction to exercise helps avoid overtraining and optimize the training by recognizing athletes’ individual adaptive and compensatory responses ( Chernozub et al, 2019 ).…”

Criteria for assessing the adaptive changes in mixed martial arts (MMA) athletes of strike fighting style in different training load regimes

“…Leading experts in sports and physical training ( James et al, 2016a ; James et al, 2016b ; Kirk et al, 2021 ; Tota & Wiecha, 2022 ) have recently showed great interest in optimizing the system of integrated control of athletes’ adaptation processes in mixed martial arts (MMA) to increase the body functional reserves, to improve the mechanisms of training activity correction, and to maximize performance in the shortest possible time. The complexity of the process of developing an optimal set of criteria for assessing adaptive body changes of MMA athletes is connected with taking into account their individual characteristics, level of training, the style of fighting, and parameters of training load regimes used during training ( Matthews & Nicholas, 2017 ; Slimani et al, 2017 ; Chernozub et al, 2019 ).…”

“…The wide and diverse range of techniques, methods, and principles of training activities used by athletes, depending on the style of fighting in mixed martial arts, raises a number of controversial issues among experts on determining effective training load parameters and correction mechanisms ( Del Vecchio & Franchini, 2011 ; Chernozub et al, 2019 ; Kirk et al, 2021 ). The search for new ways to improve the training of athletes of strike fighting style requires the development of explosive strength and endurance, and a constant increase in adaptive reserves due to intra-muscular and intermuscular coordination and energy efficiency of muscle activity in anaerobic training load regime ( James et al, 2016a ; James et al, 2016b ; Futorniy et al, 2016 ).…”