Axial Compressor Deterioration Caused by Saltwater Ingestion

Abstract

Gas turbine performance deterioration can be a major economic factor. An example is within offshore installations where a degradation of gas turbine performance can mean a reduction of oil and gas production. This paper describes the test results from a series of accelerated deterioration tests on a General Electric J85-13 jet engine. The axial compressor was deteriorated by spraying atomized droplets of saltwater into the engine intake. The paper presents the overall engine performance deterioration as well as deteriorated stage characteristics. The results of laboratory analysis of the salt deposits are presented, providing insight into the increased surface roughness and the deposit thickness and distribution. The test data show good agreement with published stage characteristics and give valuable information regarding stage-by-stage performance deterioration.

An Integrated Particle-Tracking Impact/Adhesion Model for the Prediction of Fouling in a Subsonic Compressor

“…In the last decade, numerical simulations (i.e., computational fiuid dynamic (CFD)) have been extensively used to study the effect of fouling in compressor performances, but mainly focused on studying the effect of blade surface roughness. For instance, Gbadebo et al [5] compared experiments with numerical predictions performed, imposing a roughness value equal to 25 ^m; Morini et al [6,7] presented a three-dimensional simulation of fouling on axial compressor stages, imposing both uniform and nonuniform surface roughness; and other very interesting works on the same subject are those of Syverud et al and Syverud and Bakken [8,9]. Saeidi et al [10] performed a simulation of a whole 16 stages compressor by allocating a surface roughness experimentally measured.…”

Aero engine compressor fouling effects for short- and long-haul missions

“…Three fouling cases have been investigated; from a lower level (case 1) up to a higher level of degradation (case 3) to observe the corresponding impacts on performance, especially TET and fuel burn for this range of This possibility is demonstrated in Syverud and Bakken. 21 For this study, only the fan is assumed to be fouled as studies in open literature show that the front blades are the most fouled and also proven in Syverud et al 4 The impact of these degradations on the SHM engine is presented in Figures 13 and 14 which show the changes in TET and SFC (%) for the respective cases. Throughout the mission, it is observed that the engine runs hotter relative to the clean engine as shown in Figure 13.…”

“…This finding is consistent with many other studies including Tarabrin et al; 5 however, these evidence are usually for stationary single-spool compressors and not cases of multiplespools or compressors with by-pass flow. Using intake depression as a measure of mass flow through the engine, Syverud et al 4 shows the increasing penalty on intake depression with increase in the amount of salt (6 g, 18 g and 30 g). For a given corrected rotational speed, the same amount of air flow cannot be reached with fouling.…”

“…Syverud et al 4 presents the impact of fouling, in a series of accelerated deterioration tests on a stationary General Electric J85-13 turbojet engine, using atomised saltwater droplets. This study shows that the front stages of the compressor are likely to be more fouled than the subsequent stages, as initial stages act as 'filter' to subsequent stages.…”

Study on the Influence of Blade Roughnesson Axial Flow Compressor Stage Performance

“…Bammer [3] experimentally obtained the changes about the pressure distribution around blade profile, the boundary-layer development along profile contour, and the velocity distribution in the boundary layer due to increasing roughness on NACA 65-series compressor blade sections of different geometrical sizes. Syverud et al [4][5] presented the deterioration of overall engine performance caused by spraying atomized droplets of saltwater into the axial compressor of engine GE J85-13, based on those test data, they also studied the influence of roughness on compressor performance from the perspective of friction loss, blockage and airflow separation, it shows that the most significant effect of salt deterioration is the reduction in flow coefficient. In order to study the influence of adding blade thickness and roughness on performance, Suder et al [6] applied rough coatings to the pressure and suction surface of rotor blades, the results shows that roughness has the most significant influence on performance near the design point.…”