Awareness of the continuously visible: Information acquisition during preview

Becker, Mark W.; Pashler, Harold

doi:10.3758/bf03193644

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In tasks in which goals develop over time, there is evidence that, rather than using working memory to retain as full an understanding of the visual environment as possible during an entire task, people use eye movements to gather "just in time" the information required for the next step in the task (Ballard, Hayhoe, & Pelz, 1995). The results of Becker and Pashler (2005) and Wolfe et al (2000) are consistent with this understanding of the use of vision versus memory in visual search. If this just-in-time strategy applies to search through scenes, then there may be reason to believe that the planning of eye movements during search is not as strongly influenced by scene gist as the results of studies using windowed search might imply.…”

supporting

confidence: 75%

“…In contrast, foreknowledge from a brief, or even a longer, preview of a randomly ordered search array does not improve search efficiency when the display is fully visible during search (Becker & Pashler, 2005;Wolfe et al, 2000). This adds indirectly to the volume of evidence accumulating showing that scanning of meaningful environments is driven more by prior knowledge than by stimulus salience.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…For instance, a preview of a random search array before one knows the identity of the search target has been found to provide no benefit to search efficiency (Becker & Pashler, 2005;Wolfe, Klempen, & Dahlen, 2000). In contrast, a preview of a real scene does provide a search benefit (Hollingworth, 2009).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of the first glimpse at a scene on eye movements during search

et al. 2012

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Previewing scenes briefly makes finding target objects more efficient when viewing is through a gazecontingent window (windowed viewing). In contrast, showing a preview of a randomly arranged search display does not benefit search efficiency when viewing during search is of the full display. Here, we tested whether a scene preview is beneficial when the scene is fully visible during search. Scene previews, when presented, were 250 ms in duration. During search, the scene was either fully visible or windowed. A preview always provided an advantage, in terms of decreasing the time to initially fixate and respond to targets and in terms of the total number of fixations. In windowed visibility, a preview reduced the distance of fixations from the target position until at least the fourth fixation. In full visibility, previewing reduced the distance of the second fixation but not of later fixations. The gist information derived from the initial glimpse of a scene allowed for placement of the first one or two fixations at information-rich locations, but when nonfoveal information was available, subsequent eye movements were only guided by online information.

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supporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

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The effect of the first glimpse at a scene on eye movements during search

et al. 2012

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“…Early stages of processing (Stage 1-exposure and Stage 2- perception) are critical to the FOPs success; ample evidence finds that attention is critical to the conscious recognition of stimuli 36–38 . As a result, if a label design does not garner attention, the processing of the nutritional information will be derailed early in the processing stream, never reaching the comprehension/usability stage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Front of pack labels enhance attention to nutrition information in novel and commercial brands

et al. 2015

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Objectives 1) To assess whether Front-of-Pack (FOP) nutrition labels garner attention more readily than more complete, mandated nutrition information (the Nutrition Facts Panel (NFP), required in the US), and 2) To determine whether label design characteristics, specifically, color coding and/or coding with facial icons, increase attention to the FOP label. Methods In two experiments, we tracked the allocation of attention while participants (n=125) viewed novel and commercial packages with varied FOP designs using a change detection methodology. Results We found empirical evidence that FOP labels are attended more often, and earlier, than the currently mandated NFP, and that this benefit is due both to its placement on the front of the package and to the design characteristics of the FOP. Specifically, the use of color in FOPs increased attention to the label, but there was no evidence that coding information via facial icons impacted attention. Conclusions Our work supports a growing body of evidence supporting the use of FOP labels to attract attention to nutritional information. Findings may be relevant to inform policy decisions on labeling standards.

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“…Doing so is problematic for two reasons. First, there is ample evidence that conscious recognition of information requires attention (Becker & Pashler, 2005; Rensink, O'Reagan, & Clark, 1997; Simons, 1996). As a result, if a label design does not garner attention, the processing of the nutrition information will be derailed early in the processing stream, never reaching the comprehension stage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing attentional prioritization of front-of-pack nutrition labels using change detection

et al. 2016

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We used a change detection method to evaluate attentional prioritization of nutrition information that appears in the traditional “Nutrition Facts Panel” and in front-of-pack nutrition labels. Results provide compelling evidence that front-of-pack labels attract attention more readily than the Nutrition Facts Panel, even when participants are not specifically tasked with searching for nutrition information. Further, color-coding the relative nutritional value of key nutrients within the front-of-pack label resulted in increased attentional prioritization of nutrition information, but coding using facial icons did not significantly increase attention to the label. Finally, the general pattern of attentional prioritization across front-of-pack designs was consistent across a diverse sample of participants. Our results indicate that color-coded, front-of-pack nutrition labels increase attention to the nutrition information of packaged food, a finding that has implications for current policy discussions regarding labeling change.

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Awareness of the continuously visible: Information acquisition during preview

Cited by 12 publications

References 43 publications

The effect of the first glimpse at a scene on eye movements during search

The effect of the first glimpse at a scene on eye movements during search

Front of pack labels enhance attention to nutrition information in novel and commercial brands

Assessing attentional prioritization of front-of-pack nutrition labels using change detection

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