Avoidable burden of stomach cancer and potential gains in healthy life years from gradual reductions in salt consumption in Vietnam, 2019 – 2030: a modelling study

Aminde, Léopold Ndemnge; Cobiac, Linda; Phung, Dung; Phung, Hai; Veerman, J. Lennert

doi:10.1101/2022.02.12.22270881

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…Our results demonstrate that reducing sodium intakes through population-level strategies, such as implementing sodium reduction targets and 'high in' FOPL regulations, has the potential to improve health outcomes and reduce healthcare expenditures in Canada. This adds to current evidence, generated by simulation modeling studies, showing that sodium reduction strategies can potentially improve health outcomes and save costs to the health system, globally (29,(56)(57)(58)(59)(60)(61)(62) and in Canada (10,19).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Furthermore, we focused on the potential health effects of reducing sodium intake, specifically health effects from IHD and stroke, the leading causes of death globally. However, recent studies have estimated potential effects of reducing sodium on other diseases such as chronic kidney disease and stomach cancer(58, 59,69,70). Therefore, our estimations of the potential benefits of reducing population-level sodium intake are conservative, considering that reducing sodium intake could also have positive effects on other diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The potential health impact and healthcare cost savings of different sodium reduction strategies in Canada

Flexner,

Jones,

Amies-Cull

et al. 2023

Preprint

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BackgroundHigh dietary sodium is the main dietary risk factor for non-communicable diseases due to its impact on cardiovascular diseases, the leading cause of death globally. The Government of Canada has taken measures to reduce average dietary sodium intakes, such as setting voluntary sodium reduction targets for packaged foods and recently approving regulations mandating ‘high in’ front-of-pack labeling (FOPL) symbols.ObjectivesTo estimate the number of avoidable ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke incidence cases, and their associated healthcare cost and Quality-Adjusted Life Year (QALY) savings resulting from different sodium reduction strategies and recommendations in Canada.MethodsWe used the PRIMEtime model, a proportional multi-state lifetable model. Outcomes were modeled over the lifetime of the population alive in 2019, at a 1.5% discount rate, and from the public healthcare system perspective. Nationally representative data were used as inputs for the model.ResultsFully meeting Health Canada’s sodium reduction targets was estimated to prevent 219,490 (95% UI, 73,409–408,630) cases of IHD, and 164,435 (95% UI, 56,121–305,770) strokes. This led to a gain of 276,185 (95% UI, 85,414–552,616) QALYs, and healthcare costs savings of CAD$ 4,212(95% UI, 1,303–8,206) million over the lifetime of the 2019 cohort. Sodium reduction intake through FOPL regulations has the potential to prevent between 35,930 (95% UI, 8,058– 80,528) and 124,744 (95% UI, 40,125–235,643) cases of IHD, and between 26,869 (95% UI, 5,235–61,621) and 93,129 (95% UI, 30,296–176,014) strokes. This results in QALY gains ranging from 45,492 (95% UI, 10,281–106,579) to 157,628 (95% UI, 46,701–320,622), and healthcare costs savings ranging from CAD$ 695 (95% UI, 160–1,580) to CAD$ 2,415 (95% UI, 722–4,746) million over the lifetime of the 2019 Canadian cohort. Greater health and healthcare costs gains were estimated if Canadians were to meet the population-level sodium intake recommendations of the World Health Organization (2,000 mg/day) and the Adequate Intake recommendation (1,500 mg/day). All sodium reduction strategies tested were cost saving.ConclusionsReducing population-level sodium intakes is feasible and has the potential to improve health outcomes and save healthcare costs in Canada. From interventions tested, most health and healthcare costs gains were attributed to fully meeting sodium reduction targets, which highlights the importance of changing the voluntary nature of these targets to mandatory. A combination of strategies, mandatory sodium reduction targets and implementation of the ‘high in’ FOPL symbol would provide the most benefit from a public health standpoint.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential health impact and healthcare cost savings of different sodium reduction strategies in Canada

Flexner,

Jones,

Amies-Cull

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Federal and State Governments in Australia must therefore work together to enforce robust and timely policies to avoid such losses. Realizing the policy targets modelled here has the potential to achieve even bigger health gains, as other health outcomes related to excess sodium intake like heart disease, stroke and stomach cancer (40)(41)(42) that could be averted were beyond the scope of this work.…”

Section: Implications Of the Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Projected impact on blood pressure, chronic kidney disease burden and healthcare costs of achieving the Australian sodium reduction targets: a modelling study

Aminde

Wanjau

Cobiac

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

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Background: Excess sodium intake increases blood pressure and risk of vascular complications. Most studies have focused on heart disease and stroke, but the impact on chronic kidney disease (CKD) is less well-characterised. The aim of this study was to estimate the impact of sodium intake on CKD burden in Australia. Methods: A dynamic epidemiological model was developed to estimate the potential impact on CKD if the Australian Suggested Dietary Target (SDT) and the National Preventive Health Strategy 2021-2030 (NPHS) sodium target were achieved. Outcomes were estimated between 2019 (base year) and 2030, and lifetime. Findings: Achieving the SDT and NPHS target could lower overall mean systolic blood pressure by 2.1 mmHg and 1.7 mmHg respectively. Compared to current sodium intake levels, attaining the SDT could prevent 59,220 (95% UI, 53,140 to 65,500) incident CKD cases and 568 (95% UI, 479 to 652) CKD deaths by 2030. Over the lifetime, this is projected to generate 199,488 (95% UI, 180,910 to 218,340) HALYs and AU$ 644 million in CKD health expenditure savings. Similarly, if achieved, the NPHS is estimated to prevent 49,890 (95% UI, 44,377 to 55,569) incident CKD cases and 511 (95% UI, 426 to 590) CKD deaths by 2030. Over the lifetime, this could produce 170,425 (95% UI, 155,017 to 186,559) HALYs and AU$ 514 million in CKD health expenditure savings. Conclusion: Achieving the national sodium reduction targets could deliver substantial health and economic benefits for people with CKD in Australia. Robust government action is required in order to achieve the projected outcomes of these policy targets.

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Avoidable burden of stomach cancer and potential gains in healthy life years from gradual reductions in salt consumption in Vietnam, 2019 – 2030: a modelling study

Cited by 2 publications

References 26 publications

The potential health impact and healthcare cost savings of different sodium reduction strategies in Canada

The potential health impact and healthcare cost savings of different sodium reduction strategies in Canada

Projected impact on blood pressure, chronic kidney disease burden and healthcare costs of achieving the Australian sodium reduction targets: a modelling study

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