ObjectiveTo explore the stakeholders’ perceptions of current practices and challenges in priority setting for non-communicable disease (NCD) control in Kenya.DesignA qualitative study approach conducted within a 1-day stakeholder workshop that followed a deliberative dialogue process.SettingStudy was conducted within a 1-day stakeholder workshop that was held in October 2019 in Nairobi, Kenya.ParticipantsStakeholders who currently participate in the national level policymaking process for health in Kenya.Outcome measurePriority setting process for NCD control in Kenya.ResultsDonor funding was identified as a key factor that informed the priority setting process for NCD control. Misalignment between donors’ priorities and the country’s priorities for NCD control was seen as a hindrance to the process. It was identified that there was minimal utilisation of context-specific evidence from locally conducted research. Additional factors seen to inform the priority setting process included political leadership, government policies and budget allocation for NCDs, stakeholder engagement, media, people’s cultural and religious beliefs.ConclusionThere is an urgent need for development aid partners to align their priorities to the specific NCD control priority areas that exist in the countries that they extend aid to. Additionally, context-specific scientific evidence on effective local interventions for NCD control is required to inform areas of priority in Kenya and other low-income and middle-income countries. Further research is needed to develop best practice guidelines and tools for the creation of national-level priority setting frameworks that are responsive to the identified factors that inform the priority setting process for NCD control.

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Background This study was done as part of a larger study that aims to identify the most impactful and cost-effective strategies for the prevention and control of overweight and obesity in Kenya. Our objective was to involve stakeholders in the identification of the strategies that would be included in our larger study. The results from the stakeholder engagement are analyzed and reported in this paper. Design This was a qualitative study. A one-day stakeholder workshop that followed a deliberative dialogue process was conducted. Participants A sample of stakeholders who participate in the national level policymaking process for health in Kenya. Outcome measure Strategies for the prevention and control of overweight and obesity in Kenya. Results Out of the twenty-three stakeholders who confirmed attendance, fifteen participants attended the one-day workshop. The stakeholders identified a total of 24 strategies for the prevention and control of overweight and obesity in Kenya. From the ranking process carried out the top six strategies identified were: a research-based strategy for the identification of the nutritional value of indigenous foods, implementation of health promotion strategies that focus on the creation of healthy environments, physical activity behavior such as gym attendance, jogging, walking, and running at the individual level, implementation of school curricula on nutrition and health promotion, integration of physical education into the new Competency-Based Education policy, and policies that increase use of public transport. Conclusion The stakeholders identified and ranked strategies for the prevention and control of overweight and obesity in Kenya. This informs future overweight and obesity prevention research and policy in Kenya and similar settings.

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Background: Excess sodium intake increases blood pressure and risk of vascular complications. Most studies have focused on heart disease and stroke, but the impact on chronic kidney disease (CKD) is less well-characterised. The aim of this study was to estimate the impact of sodium intake on CKD burden in Australia. Methods: A dynamic epidemiological model was developed to estimate the potential impact on CKD if the Australian Suggested Dietary Target (SDT) and the National Preventive Health Strategy 2021-2030 (NPHS) sodium target were achieved. Outcomes were estimated between 2019 (base year) and 2030, and lifetime. Findings: Achieving the SDT and NPHS target could lower overall mean systolic blood pressure by 2.1 mmHg and 1.7 mmHg respectively. Compared to current sodium intake levels, attaining the SDT could prevent 59,220 (95% UI, 53,140 to 65,500) incident CKD cases and 568 (95% UI, 479 to 652) CKD deaths by 2030. Over the lifetime, this is projected to generate 199,488 (95% UI, 180,910 to 218,340) HALYs and AU$ 644 million in CKD health expenditure savings. Similarly, if achieved, the NPHS is estimated to prevent 49,890 (95% UI, 44,377 to 55,569) incident CKD cases and 511 (95% UI, 426 to 590) CKD deaths by 2030. Over the lifetime, this could produce 170,425 (95% UI, 155,017 to 186,559) HALYs and AU$ 514 million in CKD health expenditure savings. Conclusion: Achieving the national sodium reduction targets could deliver substantial health and economic benefits for people with CKD in Australia. Robust government action is required in order to achieve the projected outcomes of these policy targets.

Background: Attitude is what influences all actions an individual undertakes in life. Young adult"s attitude on sexual reproductive health has proven to have a significant influence on their sexual health lifestyle and access to healthcare. Institutions of higher learning have put in place measures to ensure student have access to youth friendly services yet this has not been matched with students utilizing the various reproductive health services within the university. To fully understand students attitude towards uptake of reproductive health services, the current study grounded on the health belief model builds on previous researches examining on youth attitudes" to sexual and reproductive health. Methodology: Reflecting on 178 structured questionnaire administered to undergraduate students in Kenyatta University. Results: This paper highlights how students" attitude to ABC strategy influences uptake of reproductive health services. Results indicated that student had a negative attitude towards abstaining, nearly half had a positive attitude to being faithful to one partner. Chi square results revealed significant relationships between uptake of reproductive health services and students attitude to abstinence till marriage (p=0.014), attitude in condom use (p=0.005 Discussion: Findings also showed a positive attitude to condom use contrary to some literature on the use of condoms among youths. ABC strategy had a significant impact on uptake to reproductive health progammes. The study established that students" attitude to the ABC strategy for protective sexual behaviour influenced uptake of reproductive health services. Conclusion: In light of these findings, the study recommends need for reproductive health programmes to redouble their efforts in strengthening the ABC strategy among university students in order to positively influence students" sexual attitudes and behaviour.

IntroductionLow-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) are experiencing a growing disease burden due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Changing behavioural practices, such as diets high in saturated fat, salt and sugar and sedentary lifestyles, have been associated with the increase in NCDs. Health promotion at the workplace setting is considered effective in the fight against NCDs and has been reported to yield numerous benefits. However, there is a need to generate evidence on the effectiveness and sustainability of workplace health promotion practice specific to LMICs. We aim to synthesise the current literature on workplace health promotion in LMICs focusing on interventions effectiveness and sustainability.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a systematic review of published studies from LMICs up to 31 March 2019. We will search the following databases: EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest and CINAHL. Two reviewers will independently screen potential articles for inclusion and disagreements will be resolved by consensus. We will appraise the quality and risk of bias of included studies using two tools from the Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. We will present a narrative overview and assessment of the body of evidence derived from the comprehensive review of the studies. The reported outcomes will be summarised by study design, duration, intensity/frequency of intervention delivery and by the six-priority health promotion action areas set out in the Ottawa Charter. We will conduct a thematic analysis to identify the focus areas of current interventions. This systematic review protocol has been prepared according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta- analyses for Protocols 2015 statement.Ethics and disseminationThis study does not require ethics approval. We will disseminate the results of this review through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.Trial registration numberCRD42018110853.