Avaliação eletrocardiográfica de macacos-prego (Sapajus apella) sob contenção química com midazolam e propofol

Abstract

ResumoEstudos sobre eletrocardiograma (ECG) em Sapajus apella são restritos na literatura científica. Primatas não humanos podem ser sedados com benzodiazepínicos e após induzidos e mantidos anestesiados com propofol. O objetivo do presente estudo foi à descrição dos achados eletrocardiográficos em 18 macacos-prego (Sapajus apella) após sedação com midazolam e anestesia com propofol. A interpretação do eletrocardiograma foi realizada determinando-se os seguintes parâmetros: frequência (FC) e ritmo cardíaco, eixo elétrico (°), onda P, onda R, onda T, complexo QRS, intervalo P-R, intervalo Q-T e segmento ST. A FC média foi de 198,4 ± 22,9 bpm, a maioria dos macacos tinham ritmo sinusal normal, seguido de ritmo sinusal normal com marcapasso migratório. O eixo elétrico mais comumente observado manteve-se entre 60-90°. A administração intramuscular de midazolam, seguida de anestesia geral de curta ação com propofol não causou arritmias no traçado eletrocardiográfico e preservou a FC nos limites considerados fisiológicos para a espécie. Consequentemente, houve uma duração maior do intervalo Q-T comparado com estudos anteriores que utilizaram somente cetamina. Palavras-chave: Sapajus apella, propofol, midazolam, eletrocardiograma AbstractStudies on electrocardiography in Sapajus apella are restricted in the scientific literature. Nonhuman primates can be sedated with benzodiazepine and after induced and maintained anesthetized with propofol. The objective of the present study was to description of the electrocardiographic findings in 18 capuchin monkeys (Sapajus apella) after sedation with midazolam and anesthesia with propofol. The interpretation of the ECG was performed by determining the following parameters: frequency (HR) and heart rhythm, electrical axis (°) P wave, R wave, T wave, QRS complex, P-R interval, Q-T interval and ST segment. The HR mean was 198,4 ± 22,9 bpm, the majority of monkeys had normal sinus rhythm, followed by normal sinus rhythm with wandering pacemaker. The most commonly observed electrical axis was between 60-90°. Intramuscular administration of midazolam, followed by a shortacting general anesthesia with propofol did not cause arrhythmias in electrocardiographic tracing and preserved the FC in the limits considered physiological for to specie. Consequently, there was a longer

Evaluation of three chemical immobilization protocols in golden‐headed lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysomelas) undergoing vasectomy surgery

“…Midazolam is used while combined with ketamine in primates, promoting excellent muscle relaxation with few side effects . It can be used to promote light sedation with muscle relaxation, with the objective of reducing stress and facilitating physical restraint, and it does not alter the heart rate (HR) and does not cause arrhythmia . Dexmedetomidine, while associated with ketamine, is as effective as combining ketamine and medetomidine; it allows sedation for longer periods, with lower induction time and better sedation and analgesia, potentiating muscle relaxation even in lower doses of a dissociative agent, despite promoting a more intense cardiovascular depression …”

“…[8][9][10] It can be used to promote light sedation with muscle relaxation, with the objective of reducing stress and facilitating physical restraint, and it does not alter the heart rate (HR) and does not cause arrhythmia. 11,12 Dexmedetomidine, while associated with ketamine, is as effective as combining ketamine and medetomidine; it allows sedation for longer periods, with lower induction time and better sedation and analgesia, potentiating muscle relaxation even in lower doses of a dissociative agent, despite promoting a more intense cardiovascular depression. 7,13 Due to the lack of information related to surgical procedures in New World primates and the need to use safe protocols with a desirable antinociceptive effect in the field anesthesia, this study was the first to correlate 3 different anesthetic protocols in an endangered non-human primate undergoing surgery.…”

Epidural anesthesia in capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus)

“…In literature, there are studies addressing the chemical restraint of capuchin monkeys to perform several procedures, such as biometrics, placing radio collars, and electrocardiograph . However, on the use of epidural, anesthesia jobs are more restricted to the Old World primates used in experimentation of drugs .…”

Anatomical description of the main vessels for venipuncture in the black‐striped capuchin monkey (Sapajus libidinosus, Silva Junior, 2002)

“…In an experimental study, the saphenous vein was used in a procedure of continuous infusion in different species of New World primates, namely Aotus infulatus , Alouatta spp., Sapajus apella , and an Old World species Chlorocebus aethiops . In an experiment with Sapajus apella contained chemically for electrocardiographic evaluation, the saphenous vein was used to administrate propofol, as well as for administering ringer with lactate solution . The lateral saphenous vein also was adopted to collect blood samples in Cebus apella kept in captivity .…”

“…30 In an experiment with Sapajus apella contained chemically for electrocardiographic evaluation, the saphenous vein was used to administrate propofol, as well as for administering ringer with lactate solution. 31 The lateral saphenous vein also was adopted to collect blood samples in Cebus apella kept in captivity. 8 The saphenous vein was described, in a study carried out with the Dasyproctidae family, as ideal to obtain blood samples and for intravenous injections.…”