ResumoEstudos sobre eletrocardiograma (ECG) em Sapajus apella são restritos na literatura científica. Primatas não humanos podem ser sedados com benzodiazepínicos e após induzidos e mantidos anestesiados com propofol. O objetivo do presente estudo foi à descrição dos achados eletrocardiográficos em 18 macacos-prego (Sapajus apella) após sedação com midazolam e anestesia com propofol. A interpretação do eletrocardiograma foi realizada determinando-se os seguintes parâmetros: frequência (FC) e ritmo cardíaco, eixo elétrico (°), onda P, onda R, onda T, complexo QRS, intervalo P-R, intervalo Q-T e segmento ST. A FC média foi de 198,4 ± 22,9 bpm, a maioria dos macacos tinham ritmo sinusal normal, seguido de ritmo sinusal normal com marcapasso migratório. O eixo elétrico mais comumente observado manteve-se entre 60-90°. A administração intramuscular de midazolam, seguida de anestesia geral de curta ação com propofol não causou arritmias no traçado eletrocardiográfico e preservou a FC nos limites considerados fisiológicos para a espécie. Consequentemente, houve uma duração maior do intervalo Q-T comparado com estudos anteriores que utilizaram somente cetamina. Palavras-chave: Sapajus apella, propofol, midazolam, eletrocardiograma AbstractStudies on electrocardiography in Sapajus apella are restricted in the scientific literature. Nonhuman primates can be sedated with benzodiazepine and after induced and maintained anesthetized with propofol. The objective of the present study was to description of the electrocardiographic findings in 18 capuchin monkeys (Sapajus apella) after sedation with midazolam and anesthesia with propofol. The interpretation of the ECG was performed by determining the following parameters: frequency (HR) and heart rhythm, electrical axis (°) P wave, R wave, T wave, QRS complex, P-R interval, Q-T interval and ST segment. The HR mean was 198,4 ± 22,9 bpm, the majority of monkeys had normal sinus rhythm, followed by normal sinus rhythm with wandering pacemaker. The most commonly observed electrical axis was between 60-90°. Intramuscular administration of midazolam, followed by a shortacting general anesthesia with propofol did not cause arrhythmias in electrocardiographic tracing and preserved the FC in the limits considered physiological for to specie. Consequently, there was a longer

RESUMO O conhecimento sobre modelos animais para estudo metabólico representa a base da pesquisa nessa área. Este trabalho tem por objetivo revisar os principais modelos animais a serem utilizados no estudo da obesidade e da síndrome metabólica. Para isso, pesquisa no banco de dados Pubmed foi realizada usando as palavras-chave “animal models”, “obesity”, "metabolic syndrome”, e “bariatric surgery”. Várias espécies de animais podem ser usadas para o estudo de distúrbios metabólicos, no entanto, os roedores, tanto modelos monogênicos quanto modelos de obesidade induzida por dieta (DIO), são os animais mais utilizados nessa área. Animais monogênicos são a melhor escolha se apenas um aspecto estiver sendo avaliado. Animais DIO tendem a demonstrar melhor a interação entre doença, ambiente e gene. No entanto, eles ainda não são totalmente eficazes para a compreensão de todos os mecanismos dessa doença.

Background : Currently, bariatric surgery has promoted weight loss and improved glycemic control in obese patients through different techniques, including vertical sleeve gastrectomy. Aim : Present and update the different vertical sleeve gastrectomy ways of action, both in the treatment of obesity and diabetes, approaching its potential effect on gastrointestinal physiology, as well as the benefits achieved by this manipulation. Methods : Pubmed database search was used crossing the headings: obesity, type 2 diabetes and sleeve gastrectomy. Results : Published data have shown that short-term weight loss tends to be higher in patients undergoing vertical sleeve gastrectomy compared to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. In relation to glycemic control, the procedure demonstrated remission of diabetes in up to 60% after one year of surgery. After three years, however, differences in remission rate between surgical and clinical group was not observed, questioning the durability of the technical in a long-term. Conclusion : Despite showing good results, both in the weight loss and co-morbidities, conflicting results reinforce the need for more studies to prove the efficiency of the vertical sleeve gastrectomy as well as to understand its action about the molecular mechanisms involved in the disease.

The purpose of this study was to compare the anesthetic characteristics after two radically different speeds of intrathecal injection of isobaric 0.5% bupivacaine during continuous spinal anesthesia. Forty consenting patients, undergoing hip surgery using continuous spinal anesthesia, were allocated randomly to two groups of 20 each according to the rate of injection of 2 mL (10 mg) of isobaric 0.5% bupivacaine: FI (fast injection = 2 mL during 2 to 3 s or approximately 0.75 mL/s) or SI (slow injection = 1 mL/min). No difference was observed between the two groups in terms of sensory and motor block or hemodynamic changes. However, the onset time to maximal sensory level was significantly shorter in the SI group (16 +/- 9 min vs. 24 +/- 6 min; P < 0.05). Those patients requiring reinjection entered the second part of the study (n = 23; 15 in the FI group and 8 in the SI group). Each of these remaining patients was used as his or her own proper control. Those in the FI group received a slow reinjection and those in the SI group received a fast reinjection which consisted in all cases of 10 mg (2 mL) of isobaric 0.5% bupivacaine. When looking at the anesthetic characteristics after reinjection, maximal sensory levels, as well as onset times, were very similar in both groups. At all times, the maximal sensory level obtained after reinjection was two dermatomes higher than after the initial injection. Duration of sensory block, which was calculated only in these 23 patients, was also comparable (126 +/- 44 min for FI and slow reinjection group vs 146 +/- 25 min for SI and fast reinjection group). In conclusion, regardless of the speed of injection, there are no differences in anesthetic characteristics of spinal anesthesia using isobaric 0.5% bupivacaine.

In distal intraarticular humerus fractures primary stable osteosynthesis is essential for early mobilization of the elbow joint. Double-plate osteosynthesis techniques using different configurations are the gold standard. In the literature plate position is sometimes discussed controversially. In cases of distal humerus fractures (type AO 13C3) with metaphyseal comminution, as well as in elderly patients with poor bone quality, utilizing locking plates with angular stability was found to have increased structural properties with regard to primary fixation stability. The dorsal approach with osteotomy of the olecranon seems to be very effective in open reduction and internal fixation of this type of fracture. One new development is the anatomically preformed plate-fixation systems such as the LCP-System for distal humerus (Synthes). This study presents our first experience with this system in 11 cases of open reduction and internal fixation of type AO 13C3 distal humerus fractures. The system-specific features and intraoperative options were analyzed.

The technique of mucoperiosteal detachment without lateral relief incision has the advantage of reducing future morbidity of a constricted maxilla. This study demonstrated that the technique described can reduce rates of maxillary underdevelopment, a significant complication inherent in the procedure for palatoplasty. The lateral incisions reduce maxillary growth by approximately 20% as compared with this technique. Level II of evidence.

A ovariosalpingohisterectomia (OSH) é um dos procedimentos cirúrgicos mais realizados em cadelas e promove sensibilidade dolorosa moderada, sendo necessária analgesia preemptiva. A técnica de anestesia epidural pode ser utilizada com o intuito de minimizar os efeitos deletérios da dor. O objetivo deste trabalho é comparar a eficácia analgésica da morfina e metadona, associadas à lidocaína pela via epidural, bem como avaliar a incidência de efeitos adversos. Foram utilizadas 10 fêmeas caninas, aleatoriamente alocadas em dois grupos. O grupo 1 recebeu morfina (0,1 mg/kg) e lidocaína (0,3 ml/kg) e o grupo 2, metadona (0,3 mg/kg) e lidocaína (0,3 ml/kg). Foram avaliados escores de sedação e dor, bem como frequência cardíaca, respiratória, temperatura corporal, pressão arterial sistólica, saturação de oxi-hemoglobina e glicemia. De acordo com os resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que tanto a morfina quanto a metadona promovem boa analgesia com mínimos efeitos colaterais, embora a metadona pareça exercer maior depressão cardiorrespiratória.

Background: Cytokines and growth factors play key roles during the tissue repair process. We aim to evaluate the effect of perioperative oral of probiotics, on the healing process in skin wound in rats, by histological aspects, and by the expression of TGF-β, and the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL6, IL7, and TNF-α.Methods: 72 adult male Wistar rats were split into two groups control (n = 36) and probiotic group (n = 36). Each group was subdivided into three subgroups with 12 animals each according to euthanasia day: 3rd, 7th, and 10th postoperative(PO) day.Results: Wound contraction was faster with the use of probiotics (p = .013). Also fibrosis was significantly higher in the Probiotic group in the 7th PO day (p = .028). In the probiotic group, there was a reduction of TNF-α at 3th PO day (p = .023); and a reduction of IL6 in 7th PO day (p = .030). There was also a reduction of the expression of IL-17 in 3rd PO day (p = .039) and 7rd PO day (P = .024). In contrast, TGF-β was lower in the 10th PO day (p = .031) in the probiotic group as compared to controls, indicating that the increase of the fibrosis caused negative feedback with the TGF-β. Conclusion:Probiotics are associated with a shorter inflammatory phase by attenuating the expression of cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α and accelerating the reduction of IL-17 and TGF-β, leading to faster and improved cutaneous healing in rats.