Automotive Topcoat Colours: Occurrence Frequencies in Canada

Buckle, J.L.; Fung, T.; Ohashi, Kazumasa

doi:10.1080/00085030.1987.10756940

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In this study, 214 matches were recorded, which was 72 cases less than the non-matches. This finding indicates that all six observers concurred in the descriptions of only 42.8% of topcoat colors when using the color shades described earlier [3]. Then, basic colors alone were used by totaling the light, medium, and dark colors into one group.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 62%

“…This was to assure consistency in color determination, noting the choice of colors available and the color naming system. Buckle et al’s [3] chart consisting of 29 grades of colors was utilized; this information is depicted in Table 1. Those colors that could not be included in any of the listed colors in Table 1 were counted as “miscellaneous,” as done in our report on vehicle surveys [6].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using the colors listed above [3], the frequency and percentage of matches and non-matches in observers’ determinations of topcoat colors were calculated. The statistical output using these colors formed the basic data.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During a trial, investigative officers or forensic scientists are often required to explain the evidential value of questioned paint evidence recovered from a vehicular accident, including its color [3, 4]. Surveys and compilations of vehicle color distributions generalized as topcoat color [5] (technically, unlike the solid paint system, the top layer of a metallic paint system is a colorless clear coat that covers the metallic basecoat) have been conducted to assess the probative value of a vehicle’s color in supporting forensic conclusions [3, 4, 6–11]. In addition, color determination through careful interpretation of submitted paint samples can also be correlated with the color momentarily perceived by a witness during an accident, although this is often difficult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In view of this, the inter-rater reliability of vehicle topcoat color perception is a topic of interest in forensic intelligence, and the aim of this study was to evaluate inter-rater differences in descriptions of vehicle topcoat color in both static and moving conditions. Based on a prevailing system [3], the topcoat colors of stationary and moving vehicles were surveyed and statistically analyzed. A better color description system was highlighted to increase the agreement percentage among observers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inter-rater reliability of vehicle color perception for forensic intelligence

et al. 2019

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The topcoat color of motor vehicles offers vital information while investigating vehicular accidents, especially in instance of hit-and-run, since witnesses seldom perceive and retain the plate details. Differences in color perceptions among individuals with normal vision may lead to confusion in determining the color of the car involved. In this way, witnesses of crash accidents could potentially initiate flawed leads in forensic investigation, and thus affect the administration of justice. In this study, the inter-rater reliability of vehicle color determination by different volunteers was explored. Six individuals observed the topcoat colors of 500 stationary and 500 moving vehicles from five locations, employing a common system of color gradation. The outcome was binary: the vehicle color was either a “match” or “non-match”. This was followed by statistical analysis in terms of the colors’ frequencies and inter-rater reliability, based on which more suitable color descriptions were determined for subsequent comparisons of stationary and moving vehicles. Higher match frequencies and greater inter-rater reliability were observed when color gradations were disregarded. The frequency of correct matches could have been closely related to their relative on-the-road distribution, regardless of the statuses of observed vehicles. It was also found that black and white were associated with a greater number of matches than were intermediate colors, which should be carefully interpreted during forensic investigation to avoid wrong leads. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated the forensic significance of vehicle topcoat color determination, particularly in cases where witness statements are crucial.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inter-rater reliability of vehicle color perception for forensic intelligence

et al. 2019

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Paint: Interpretation

Massonnet

Monnard

2009

Wiley Encyclopedia of Forensic Science

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This article concerns the interpretation of paint evidence, both automotive and domestic. Paint interpretation is mostly based on the frequency of occurrence of different measured characteristics. Very common paint types will have less evidential value than very rare paints. Thus, an estimate of the frequency of occurrence of the different characteristics measured for each paint type is very important. The article is mostly a review of the different existing surveys that may help the expert to evaluate his or her evidence based on frequency of occurence. Paint found at random and surveys on paint traces are also described, as well as transfer and persistence phenomenon. Finally, an example of a likelihood ratio approach is presented within a hierarchy of propositions.

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Paint: Interpretation

Massonnet

Gueissaz

Muehlethaler

2014

Wiley Encyclopedia of Forensic Science

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This article concerns the interpretation of paint evidence, both automotive and household. Paint interpretation is based on the likelihood ratio ( LR ) approach, sometimes termed the logical approach . The LR puts in concurrence at least two alternative propositions, which can be at source, activity, or offense level. A detailed description of the principal factors considered in the evaluation of paints is presented based on a review of the relevant literature. Frequencies are necessary at all levels and it is essential to consider the occurrence of the different characteristics measured for each paint type. Transfer factors (including persistence and recovery), as well as background studies, are important for the evaluation at the activity and offense level.

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Automotive Topcoat Colours: Occurrence Frequencies in Canada

Cited by 17 publications

References 6 publications

Inter-rater reliability of vehicle color perception for forensic intelligence

Inter-rater reliability of vehicle color perception for forensic intelligence

Paint: Interpretation

Paint: Interpretation

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