Paint: Interpretation

Abstract

This article concerns the interpretation of paint evidence, both automotive and household. Paint interpretation is based on the likelihood ratio ( LR ) approach, sometimes termed the logical approach . The LR puts in concurrence at least two alternative propositions, which can be at source, activity, or offense level. A detailed description of the principal factors considered in the evaluation of paints is presented based on a review of the relevant literature. Frequencies are necessary at all levels and it is essential to consider the occurrence of the different characteristics measured for each paint type. Transfer factors (including persistence and recovery), as well as background studies, are important for the evaluation at the activity and offense level.

Two‐stage approach for the inference of the source of high‐dimensional and complex chemical data in forensic science

“…The two‐stage approach was refined in the context of glass evidence in a series of papers starting in 1977 13 . Today, ad hoc implementations of the two‐stage approach can notably be found in relation to glass, paint, and fibre evidence (see, for example, other studies 14–18 ). In most cases, the decision to reject the hypothesis that trace objects and control objects from are indistinguishable during the first stage is based on the training and experience of the forensic analyst performing the examination, and the second stage is not considered 19 .…”