Automatic online control of motor adjustments in reaching and grasping

Gaveau, Valérie; Pisella, Laure; Priot, Anne-Emmanuelle; Fukui, Tsuguya; Rossetti, Yves; Pélisson, Denis; Prablanc, Claude

doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.12.005

Cited by 90 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 186 publications

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“…However, in view of the known, general cortical degeneration (Creasey and Rapoport, 1985), slowed reaction times on dual task paradigms in the elderly (Rubichi et al 1999), slowed online correction of arm movements to visual targets (Sarlegna, 2006) and the significant interaction between target distance and age on horizontal saccade generation reported with age (Yang et al 2006), it is likely that when faced with tasks requiring a reprogramming of eye position through prediction and planning, older adults display deficits in the integration of postural equilibrium and eye movement control. This is significant considering that rapid sub-cortical and cortical loops participate in the processing of visual and visuomotor corrections (Gaveau et al 2014) and postural equilibrium (Jacobs and Horak 2007). As this study did not examine elements of postural equilibrium between young and older adults in the standing position, it remains to be shown if the latter displayed significant deficits in balance in the DS target displacement condition.…”

Section: Figure 6 About Herementioning

confidence: 86%

Age-related effects of increasing postural challenge on eye movement onset latencies to visual targets

et al. 2016

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When a single light cue is given in the visual field, our eyes orient towards it with an average latency of 200 ms. If a second cue is presented at or around the time of the response to the first, a secondary eye movement occurs that represents a re-orientation to the new target. While studies have shown that eye movement latencies to 'single-step' targets may or may not be lengthened with age, secondary eye-movements (during 'double-step' displacements) are significantly delayed with increasing age. The aim of this study was to investigate if the postural challenge posed simply by standing (as opposed to sitting) results in significantly longer eye movement latencies in older adults compared to the young. Ten young (<35 years) and 10 older healthy adults (>65 years) participated in the study. They were required to fixate upon a central target and move their eyes in response to 2 types of stimuli: 1) a single-step perturbation of target position either 15º to the right or left, and 2) a double-step target displacement incorporating an initial target jump to the right or left by 15º, followed after 200 ms, by a shift of target position to the opposite side (e.g., +15º then -15º). All target displacement conditions were executed in sit and stand positions with the participant at the same distance from the targets. Eye movements were recorded using electro-oculography. Older adults did not show significantly longer eye movement latencies than the younger adults for single-step target displacements, and postural configuration (stand compared to sit) had no effect upon latencies for either group. We categorised double-step trials into those during which the second light changed after or before the onset of the eye shift to the first light. For the former category, young participants showed faster secondary eye shifts to the second light in the standing position, while the older adults did not. For the latter category of double-step trial, young participants showed no significant difference between sit and stand secondary eye movement latencies, but older adults were significantly longer standing compared to sitting. The older adults were significantly longer than the younger adults across both postural conditions, regardless of when the second light change occurred during the eye shift to the first light. We suggest that older adults require greater time and perhaps attentional processes to execute eye movements to unexpected changes of target position when faced with the need to maintain standing balance.

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Section: Figure 6 About Herementioning

confidence: 86%

Age-related effects of increasing postural challenge on eye movement onset latencies to visual targets

et al. 2016

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“…In parallel, but after a delay which arises because of the greater inertia of the hand vs. the eye, the observer moves his/her hand to the recently foveated target and shapes his/her fingers in anticipation of the impending grasp; note that this is a movement of the arm and hand from peripersonal, peripheral space to the central field of view so as to align the hand with the target now in the fovea (Figure 5; see also Pisella et al, 2009 for similar arguments). That is to say, the hand movement is then modified on-line based on perifoveal reafference of the target when the gaze has been oriented (Prablanc et al, 1979; Gaveau et al, 2014). …”

Section: Why the Dorsal Stream Is Better-suited For Sensorimotor Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Visual Pathways in Primates Based on Sampling of Space: Exploitation and Exploration of Visual Information

Sheth

Young

2016

Front. Integr. Neurosci.

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Evidence is strong that the visual pathway is segregated into two distinct streams—ventral and dorsal. Two proposals theorize that the pathways are segregated in function: The ventral stream processes information about object identity, whereas the dorsal stream, according to one model, processes information about either object location, and according to another, is responsible in executing movements under visual control. The models are influential; however recent experimental evidence challenges them, e.g., the ventral stream is not solely responsible for object recognition; conversely, its function is not strictly limited to object vision; the dorsal stream is not responsible by itself for spatial vision or visuomotor control; conversely, its function extends beyond vision or visuomotor control. In their place, we suggest a robust dichotomy consisting of a ventral stream selectively sampling high-resolution/focal spaces, and a dorsal stream sampling nearly all of space with reduced foveal bias. The proposal hews closely to the theme of embodied cognition: Function arises as a consequence of an extant sensory underpinning. A continuous, not sharp, segregation based on function emerges, and carries with it an undercurrent of an exploitation-exploration dichotomy. Under this interpretation, cells of the ventral stream, which individually have more punctate receptive fields that generally include the fovea or parafovea, provide detailed information about object shapes and features and lead to the systematic exploitation of said information; cells of the dorsal stream, which individually have large receptive fields, contribute to visuospatial perception, provide information about the presence/absence of salient objects and their locations for novel exploration and subsequent exploitation by the ventral stream or, under certain conditions, the dorsal stream. We leverage the dichotomy to unify neuropsychological cases under a common umbrella, account for the increased prevalence of multisensory integration in the dorsal stream under a Bayesian framework, predict conditions under which object recognition utilizes the ventral or dorsal stream, and explain why cells of the dorsal stream drive sensorimotor control and motion processing and have poorer feature selectivity. Finally, the model speculates on a dynamic interaction between the two streams that underscores a unified, seamless perception. Existing theories are subsumed under our proposal.

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“…This bi-phasic correction has also been noted in studies of healthy adults (Pisella et al, 2000) and in our recent developmental work assessing children aged 7 to 12 years . The first correction is considered automatic in that the initial deviation is very difficult to withhold under task instructions that emphasise both speed and accuracy (Gaveau et al, 2014). The second correction is voluntary for what is an unfamiliar task.…”

Section: Deficits In the Online Control Of Reaching Are Exacerbated Wmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Predictive control in particular is underpinned by maturation of reciprocal connections between frontal, parietal and cerebellar cortices, pathways that are sculpted by experience (Gaveau et al, 2014) In short, an interplay between external (i.e., experiential) and internal (e.g. neural myelination and synaptic pruning) factors support the fidelity of predictive control with development (Casey, Getz, & Galvan, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coupling online control and inhibitory systems in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder: Goal-directed reaching

Ruddock

Piek

Sugden

et al. 2015

Research in Developmental Disabilities

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For children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), the real-time coupling between frontal executive function and online motor control has not been explored despite reported deficits in each domain. The aim of the present study was to investigate how children with DCD enlist online control under task constraints that compel the need for inhibitory control. A total of 129 school children were sampled from mainstream primary schools. Forty two children who met research criteria for DCD were compared with 87 typically developing controls on a modified double-jump reaching task. Children within each skill group were divided into three age bands: younger (6-7 years), mid-aged (8-9), and older (10-12). Online control was compared between groups as a function of trial type (non-jump, jump, anti-jump). Overall, results showed that while movement times were similar between skill groups under simple task constraints (non-jump), on perturbation (or jump) trials the DCD group were significantly slower than controls and corrected trajectories later. Critically, the DCD group was further disadvantaged by anti-jump trials where inhibitory control was required; however, this effect reduced with age. While coupling online control and executive systems is not well developed in younger and mid-aged children, there is evidence of ageappropriate coupling in older children. Longitudinal data is needed to clarify this intriguing finding. The theoretical and applied implications of these results are discussed.3

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Automatic online control of motor adjustments in reaching and grasping

Cited by 90 publications

References 186 publications

Age-related effects of increasing postural challenge on eye movement onset latencies to visual targets

Age-related effects of increasing postural challenge on eye movement onset latencies to visual targets

Two Visual Pathways in Primates Based on Sampling of Space: Exploitation and Exploration of Visual Information

Coupling online control and inhibitory systems in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder: Goal-directed reaching

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