Automatic Generation Control for Distributed Multi-Region Interconnected Power System with Function Approximation

Abstract

Solving the energy crisis and environmental pollution requires large-scale access to distributed energy and the popularization of electric vehicles. However, distributed energy sources and loads are characterized by randomness, intermittence and difficulty in accurate prediction, which bring great challenges to the security, stability and economic operation of power system. Therefore, this paper explores an integrated energy system model that contains a large amount of new energy and combined cooling heating and power (CCHP) from the perspective of automatic generation control (AGC). Then, a gradient Q(σ,λ) [GQ (σ,λ)] algorithm for distributed multi-region interconnected power system is proposed to solve it. The proposed algorithm integrates unified mixed sampling parameter and linear function approximation on the basis of the Q(λ) algorithm with characteristics of interactive collaboration and self-learning. The GQ (σ,λ) algorithm avoids the disadvantages of large action spaces required by traditional reinforcement learning, so as to obtain multi-region optimal cooperative control. Under such control, the energy autonomy of each region can be achieved, and the strong stochastic disturbance caused by the large-scale access of distributed energy to grid can be resolved. In this paper, the improved IEEE two-area load frequency control (LFC) model and the integrated energy system model incorporating a large amount of new energy and CCHP are used for simulation analysis. Results show that compared with other algorithms, the proposed algorithm has optimal cooperative control performance, fast convergence speed and good robustness, which can solve the strong stochastic disturbance caused by the large-scale grid connection of distributed energy.

Research and Application of a Clear Diamond-Shaped Distribution Network Structure

“…Load transfer capacity (Feng et al, 2015;Zhao and Wu, 2016) is insufficient, and the 10kV line utilization rate (Zhang and Dou, 2018;Xiao and She, 2019) is generally low. The impact of new elements such as distributed energy and microgrid system (Chen and Liu, 2020;Zhou et al, 2021a;Liu et al, 2021;Zhang and Troitzsch, 2021) on the relay protection of the distribution network (Xu, 2017) is not considered. There are more dedicated line users in direct substations, which affects the 10kV line interval utilization (Hu and Li, 2017), etc.…”

Multi-resolution based PID controller for frequency regulation of a hybrid power system with multiple interconnected systems

“…The peak overshoot and time settling of the system should be kept as low as possible to ensure reliable system operation. (Liu et al, 2021;Ali et al, 2022;Liu et al, 2022).…”

Advanced Protection for the Smart Grid

“…In the context of global clean energy and low-carbon development, environmental protection issues have gained increasing attention from numerous countries in recent years. Conventional power generation technologies' defects in the economy and environmental protection have become more prominent (Liu et al, 2021). Meanwhile, several new problems affecting the stable operation of power systems have arisen due to the rapid development of clean energy generation technology.…”