Automatic and Effortful Processing in Aging and Dementia: Event-Related Brain Potentials

Ford, Judith M.; Roth, Walton T.; Isaacks, Brandy G.; Tinklenberg, Jared R.; Yesavage, Jerome A.; Pfefferbaum, A.

doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(96)00072-3

Cited by 39 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…While this suggests that the current findings are unlikely to be due to an exaggerated startle response in older adults, it would be of considerable interest to investigate this possibility more directly using other autonomic nervous system measures of startle such as eyeblink. Ford et al (1997) measured eye blinks and found older adults were less responsive than younger adults, however, they did not use unexpected novel stimuli. Only two previous studies (Friedman et al, 1993;Weisz and Czigler, 2006) have found that older adults give significantly more false alarms to novel stimuli, interpreted as more impulsive responding and/or less inhibition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of aging on habituation to novelty: An ERP study

Richardson

Bucks

Hogan³

2011

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of aging on habituation to novelty: An ERP study

Richardson

Bucks

Hogan³

2011

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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“…In the present patients with mild DAT, P1, N1 and NA peak, induced by the early sensory processing, proved to be normal. Recently, automatic and effortful processes were reported in aging and DAT using ERP as follows: when effortfully elicited, P3 amplitude was affected by disease but not age; when automatically elicited, P3 amplitude was affected by age but not disease 31 . P3 abnormality may have resulted from a deficit in higher‐level processing, such as integration of information or memory matching required after pattern recognition, or a deficit of the P3 generation system itself.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual event‐related potential in mild dementia of the Alzheimer's type

Saito

Yamazaki

Matsuoka

et al. 2001

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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Visual event-related potentials (ERP) and behavioral measures were recorded during a geometrical-figure discrimination task to examine sensory processing in 10 patients with mild dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT) and 10 age-matched controls. No difference existed between the groups in P1, N1, and P2 potentials, which reflects the early stage of sensory processing, as well as in NA potential, which reflects pattern recognition. The patients showed reduced amplitude of P3 potential, retarded reaction time, and increased behavioral errors compared to controls. These findings suggest that the patients with mild DAT were intact in early sensory processing including pattern recognition but were selectively compromised in higherlevel processing, including integration of information and memory matching, which may influence behavioral deviation.

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“…In general, automatic processes that require little cognitive resources are largely unaffected in older individuals (Ford et al, 1997). Overall, as is discussed in detail in the other papers of this special issue, there is a marked dissociation of higher order cognitive abilities over proportionally well preserved in comparison to more basic domains such as episodic memory or processing speed.…”

Section: Cognition In Older Adultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Cognitive function, physical activity, and aging: Possible biological links and implications for multimodal interventions

Kraft

2012

Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition

157

114

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Increasing evidence shows the positive effect of physical activity (PA) on maintaining cognitive function. Both processes seem intrinsically linked to each other. The most likely mechanism is a reciprocal stimulation of neuroplasticity. Based on extensive experimental work on animals and humans, the concept of an enriched environment, including PA and challenging cognitive tasks, has provided the basis to systematically assess possible interventions for successful aging. I will use recent findings on brain mechanisms associated with PA and its effects on higher cognitive function at a systems and molecular level to demonstrate the need to design effective interventions. Such interventions should be designed to take advantage of the presumed compensatory mechanisms of elderly individuals, thereby limiting functional decline in higher cognitive performance in aging people. My review of the most recent relevant publications concerning this topic supports the notion that it is a promising approach to provide cognitive training and PA in conjunction, since the combination may generate synergistic beneficial changes than either one individually. Multimodal training programs should therefore be tested. However, at present there is insufficient evidence to conclude that multimodal interventions are superior to isolated cognitive or physical exercise interventions, since major studies addressing this topic are lacking. These studies are needed to conclusively prove that both strategies will positively interact when used in combined interventions. Finally the use of modern technology for these interventions will be discussed.

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Automatic and Effortful Processing in Aging and Dementia: Event-Related Brain Potentials

Cited by 39 publications

References 40 publications

Effects of aging on habituation to novelty: An ERP study

Effects of aging on habituation to novelty: An ERP study

Visual event‐related potential in mild dementia of the Alzheimer's type

Cognitive function, physical activity, and aging: Possible biological links and implications for multimodal interventions

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