Automated Extraction of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) and N-demethyl-LSD from Blood, Serum, Plasma, and Urine Samples Using the Zymark RapidTrace™ with LC/MS/MS Confirmation

Kanel, J de; Vickery, William E.; Waldner, BettiAnn; Monahan, Reva M.; Diamond, Francis X.

doi:10.1520/jfs16192j

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Several extractive procedures have been proposed to determine LSD and its metabolites in body fluids: liquid/ liquid extraction at basic pH with varying solvents [3,4,7,10], immunoaffinity purification procedures [8,15,16], solid-phase extraction on different sorbents [17][18][19], or a combination of these methods [1,6,9,13]. In our experiments, liquid/liquid extraction seemed to be the simplest and least expensive procedure, considering that a single extraction step is sufficient for a LC-MS/MS procedure in which the high specificity of the detection balances possible partial purification of the analytes from the matrix.…”

Section: Extraction Of Urine Blood and Vitreous Humormentioning

confidence: 99%

LC-ESI-MS/MS on an ion trap for the determination of LSD, iso-LSD, nor-LSD and 2-oxo-3-hydroxy-LSD in blood, urine and vitreous humor

et al. 2006

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A method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), its epimer iso-LSD, and its main metabolites nor-LSD and 2-oxo-3-hydroxy LSD in blood, urine, and, for the first time, vitreous humor samples. The method is based on liquid/liquid extraction and liquid chromatography-multiple mass spectrometry detection in an ion trap mass spectrometer, in positive ion electrospray ionization conditions. Five microliter of sample are injected and analysis time is 12 min. The method is specific, selective and sensitive, and achieves limits of quantification of 20 pg/ml for both LSD and nor-LSD in blood, urine, and vitreous humor. No significant interfering substance or ion suppression was identified for LSD, iso-LSD, and nor-LSD. The interassay reproducibilities for LSD at 20 pg/ml and 2 ng/ml in urine were 8.3 and 5.6%, respectively. Within-run precision using control samples at 20 pg/ml and 2 ng/ml was 6.9 and 3.9%. Mean recoveries of two concentrations spiked into drug free samples were in the range 60-107% in blood, 50-105% in urine, and 65-105% in vitreous humor. The method was successfully applied to the forensic determination of postmortem LSD levels in the biological fluids of a multi drug abuser; for the first time, LSD could be detected in vitreous humor.

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Section: Extraction Of Urine Blood and Vitreous Humormentioning

confidence: 99%

LC-ESI-MS/MS on an ion trap for the determination of LSD, iso-LSD, nor-LSD and 2-oxo-3-hydroxy-LSD in blood, urine and vitreous humor

et al. 2006

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“…In general, highly sensitive methods are needed for the analysis of LSD and drugs with similar potency such as 1P-LSD (common doses: 50 to 200 µg [6]) in biological matrices. Furthermore, stability tests with LSD suggested the substance to be susceptible to degradation especially when exposed to light or elevated temperatures [7][8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of an LC-MS/MS method for the quantitative analysis of 1P-LSD and its tentative metabolite LSD in fortified urine and serum samples including stability tests for 1P-LSD under different storage conditions

Grumann

Henkel

Stratford³

et al. 2019

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis

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“…de Kanel et al (1998) have also developed a forensic procedure for the quantitative analysis of LSD and the qualitative con®rmation of its metabolite, N-demethyl-LSD (nor-LSD) in blood, serum, plasma, and urine samples, using LSD-d 3 . A Zymark RapidTrace was used to fully automate the solid-phase extractions of all specimen types.…”

Section: Lsdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid chromatography?mass spectrometry in forensic toxicology

Bocxlaer¹,

Clauwaert²,

Lambert³

et al. 2000

Mass Spectrom. Rev.

115

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Liquid chromatography—mass spectrometry has evolved from a topic of mainly research interest into a routinely usable tool in various application fields. With the advent of new ionization approaches, especially atmospheric pressure, the technique has established itself firmly in many areas of research. Although many applications prove that LC—MS is a valuable complementary analytical tool to GC—MS and has the potential to largely extend the application field of mass spectrometry to hitherto “MS‐phobic” molecules, we must recognize that the use of LC—MS in forensic toxicology remains relatively rare. This rarity is all the more surprising because forensic toxicologists find themselves often confronted with the daunting task of actually searching for evidence materials on a scientific basis without any indication of the direction in which to search. Through the years, mass spectrometry, mainly in the GC—MS form, has gained a leading role in the way such quandaries are tackled. The advent of robust, bioanalytically compatible combinations of liquid chromatographic separation with mass spectrometric detection really opens new perspectives in terms of mass spectrometric identification of difficult molecules (e.g., polar metabolites) or biopolymers with toxicological relevance, high throughput, and versatility. Of course, analytical toxicologists are generally mass spectrometry users rather than mass spectrometrists, and this difference certainly explains the slow start of LC—MS in this field. Nevertheless, some valuable applications have been published, and it seems that the introduction of the more universal atmospheric pressure ionization interfaces really has boosted interests. This review presents an overview of what has been realized in forensic toxicological LC—MS. After a short introduction into LC—MS interfacing operational characteristics (or limitations), it covers applications that range from illicit drugs to often abused prescription medicines and some natural poisons. As such, we hope it can act as an appetizer to those involved in forensic toxicology but still hesitating to invest in LC—MS. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 19: 165–214, 2000

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Automated Extraction of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) and N-demethyl-LSD from Blood, Serum, Plasma, and Urine Samples Using the Zymark RapidTrace™ with LC/MS/MS Confirmation

Cited by 19 publications

References 15 publications

LC-ESI-MS/MS on an ion trap for the determination of LSD, iso-LSD, nor-LSD and 2-oxo-3-hydroxy-LSD in blood, urine and vitreous humor

LC-ESI-MS/MS on an ion trap for the determination of LSD, iso-LSD, nor-LSD and 2-oxo-3-hydroxy-LSD in blood, urine and vitreous humor

Validation of an LC-MS/MS method for the quantitative analysis of 1P-LSD and its tentative metabolite LSD in fortified urine and serum samples including stability tests for 1P-LSD under different storage conditions

Liquid chromatography?mass spectrometry in forensic toxicology

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