Autoeficácia em amamentar de mulheres no pré-natal e no pós-parto: estudo longitudinal

Abstract

Objetivo: comparar as médias dos escores de autoeficácia em amamentar das mulheres no pré-natal e no pós-parto com as variáveis da gravidez, do parto, do puerpério e relacionadas ao aleitamento materno. Método: estudo longitudinal do tipo painel, que avaliou 50 mulheres no pré-natal e puerpério em 2011, utilizando a Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale – Short-Form e um formulário com dados da gravidez, parto e puerpério. Resultados: apresentaram relação com autoeficácia em amamentar: gravidez planejada; realizar seis ou mais consultas pré-natais; realizar a preparação das mamas para amamentar; pretender amamentar o filho; participar de grupo de gestantes; parto vaginal em hospital público; amamentar na primeira hora de vida e de forma exclusiva na maternidade e na alta hospitalar; não ter dificuldades para amamentar. Conclusão: diversos fatores podem influenciar a autoeficácia, sendo relevante promover o aleitamento materno no pré-natal, estimular esta prática e prestar às mães esclarecimentos a respeito da alimentação do filho.

Autoeficácia em amamentação e fatores interligados

“…Higher self-efficacy scores were also observed, similarly to this study, in women who had planned pregnancy (12) . Regarding prenatal consultations, the Prenatal Care and Delivery Humanization Program recommends that at least six consultations be held, in which laboratory and clinical-obstetric tests as well as breastfeeding guidelines should be provided (13) .…”

Pairs seen by lactation consultants and cessation of exclusive breastfeeding in the first month

“…Women who had a vaginal delivery were 37% less likely to stop EBF. Studies conducted in Ceará (28) and Nigeria (29) had already demonstrated the positive association between vaginal delivery and BF and EBF.…”

Assessment of maternal self-efficacy in breastfeeding in the immediate puerperium

“…In this article, this variable was not associated with the self-efficacy of this process. However, a longitudinal research showed that the best confidence levels of pre-natal and pos-tpartum women were manifested by those who breastfed their babies in the first hour of life (20) .…”

“…The Brazilian literature emphasizes that women who perform more than six prenatal visits have higher rates of self-efficacy in breastfeeding (20) . This datum shows that is necessary to actively seek pregnant women, as well as encourage nurses to perform this care, since the guidelines passed during the nursing consultations have an impact on the decision of women to breastfeed.…”

“…Regarding the type of delivery, an integrative review involving the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online and the Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature databases showed that women who had vaginal delivery had higher levels of confidence in breastfeeding, being this a positive aspect for breastfeeding (p=0.03) (17,20) .…”