All societies divide their populations into two social categories according to gender, but beyond the biological question, this division also is due to cultural and historical issues. Inequalities between men and women have been experienced ever since the patriarchal age, and even today, women are discriminated against and face social oppression. Considered as a group vulnerable to food insecurity as a result of biological specificities, women paradoxically play an important role of promoting food security. This study aims to survey the differences between men and women, limited to a historical and cultural context of inequalities, with emphasis on the role of women in promoting food security and nutrition (FSN). Based on the literature review, we could list a few negative points that go against women's role in society, in particular, their function as a subject responsible for ensuring FSN. Therefore, there are still violations of their basic rights, when compared with the opposite sex. Thus, profound changes are needed in society to promote full equality between genders in a broader sense, and a change should start in education.