Autochthonous Outbreak and Expansion of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis, Uruguay

Satragno, Dinora; Faral-Tello, Paula; Canneva, Bruno; Lorenzo, Verger; Lozano, Alejandra; Vitale, Edgardo; Greif, Gonzalo; Soto, Carlos Y.; Robello, Carlos; Basmadjián, Yester

doi:10.3201/eid2303.160377

Cited by 29 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…An increase in cases of VL has been observed in the Southern Cone of Latin America, due to the great endemicity of canine reservoirs in urban and peri-urban areas [ 5 , 6 ]. A displacement to new areas free of VL cases has also been detected, like in Uruguay, where the first case of canine Leishmaniasis was reported in October 2015, with an initial confirmed canine prevalence of 18% in a few months [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Anti-Parasitic Activity of Arylidene Ketones and Thiazolidene Hydrazines against Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp.

Álvarez

Perdomo

Coronel³

et al. 2017

Molecules

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A series of fifty arylideneketones and thiazolidenehydrazines was evaluated against Leishmania infantum and Leishmania braziliensis. Furthermore, new simplified thiazolidenehydrazine derivatives were evaluated against Trypanosoma cruzi. The cytotoxicity of the active compounds on non-infected fibroblasts or macrophages was established in vitro to evaluate the selectivity of their anti-parasitic effects. Seven thiazolidenehydrazine derivatives and ten arylideneketones had good activity against the three parasites. The IC50 values for T. cruzi and Leishmania spp. ranged from 90 nM–25 µM. Eight compounds had multi-trypanocidal activity against T. cruzi and Leishmania spp. (the etiological agents of cutaneous and visceral forms). The selectivity of these active compounds was better than the three reference drugs: benznidazole, glucantime and miltefosine. They also had low toxicity when tested in vivo on zebrafish. Trying to understand the mechanism of action of these compounds, two possible molecular targets were investigated: triosephosphate isomerase and cruzipain. We also used a molecular stripping approach to elucidate the minimal structural requirements for their anti-T. cruzi activity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Anti-Parasitic Activity of Arylidene Ketones and Thiazolidene Hydrazines against Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp.

Álvarez

Perdomo

Coronel³

et al. 2017

Molecules

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“…Visceral leishmaniasis has been investigated in southern Brazil for more than a decade. There are currently humans and dogs case records in the three border region (Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay) (Salomón et al, ; Salomon et al, ; Satragno et al, ). We have found Leishmania infection in equine peripheral blood in sites with CVL, inferring the possibility that animals residing in endemic CVL areas are at risk of being infected.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Leishmania spp. infection in domestic reservoirs of Uruguaiana city represents a higher infection rate than that found in a survey in Uruguay (22%) with L. infantum(Satragno & Faral- Tello, 2017). The vectors have food preference for dogs and humans(Macedo-Silva et al, 2014); however, other mammalian species, in-…”

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confidence: 83%

Molecular detection of Leishmania spp. in Brazilian cross‐border south region mammalian hosts

Escobar

Döwich

Cantele

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Visceral leishmaniasis is an endemic zoonotic disease identified especially in developing territories. Brazil's northeast, southeast and midwest have been endemic for several years; currently, the infection is spreading to the south. Dogs are the main reservoirs; however, other mammal species have also been infected. Herein, we have identified the infecting Leishmania species in dogs and horses from the south of Brazil, a new outbreak of the infection. Blood samples were collected in the urban area of Uruguaiana city. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood, kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) and ribosomal DNA (rDNA) fragments were obtained by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced. Out of 123 samples, 25 of them (14 dogs and 11 horses) were positive for Leishmania spp. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the kDNA in positive samples was similar to four species previously reported: L. infantum/L. chagasi, L. donovani, L. major. Despite kDNA minicircles regions are very useful due to high sensitivity to Leishmania spp. DNA detection, the sequence polymorphism among minicircles can be an obstacle to interspecific differentiation. Our results suggest that these strains are circulating in Brazil south region cross‐border and indicate the susceptibility of new outbreak for visceral leishmaniasis infection in horses domiciled in endemic region for canine and human visceral leishmaniasis.

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“…In Uruguay, a survey in Salto, a city on the border with Argentina, found 22% seroprevalence for Leishmania spp. (Satragno et al 2017) [EB1]. Studies of the seroprevalence of CVL in Mexico, Venezuela and Colombia have reported levels between 1.7 and 15.7% (Arjona-Jiménez et al 2012, 5.6 and 40.0%, (Zerpa et al 2000, 2001, Feliciangeli et al 2005) and 1.6 and 36.0% (Fernández et al 2002, Cortés 2006, Rosypal et al 2007, Paternina-Gómez et al 2013, respectively [EB1].…”

Section: Canine Visceral Leishmaniosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Recommendations on vaccination for Latin American small animal practitioners: a report of the WSAVA Vaccination Guidelines Group

Day

Crawford

Marcondes

et al. 2020

J of Small Animal Practice

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Executive Summary The World Small Animal Veterinary Association Vaccination Guidelines Group has produced global guidelines for small companion animal practitioners on best practice in canine and feline vaccination. Recognising that there are unique aspects of veterinary practice in certain geographical regions of the world, the Vaccination Guidelines Group undertook a regional project in Latin America between 2016 and 2019, culminating in the present document. The Vaccination Guidelines Group gathered scientific and demographic data during visits to Argentina, Brazil and Mexico, by discussion with national key opinion leaders, visiting veterinary practices and review of the scientific literature. A questionnaire survey was completed by 1390 veterinarians in five Latin American countries and the Vaccination Guidelines Group delivered continuing education at seven events attended by over 3500 veterinarians. The Vaccination Guidelines Group recognised numerous challenges in Latin America, for example: (1) lack of national oversight of the veterinary profession, (2) extraordinary growth in private veterinary schools of undetermined quality, (3) socioeconomic constraints on client engagement with preventive health care, (4) high regional prevalence of some key infectious diseases (e.g. feline leukaemia virus infection, canine visceral leishmaniosis), (5) almost complete lack of minimal antigen vaccine products as available in other markets, (6) relative lack of vaccine products with extended duration of immunity as available in other markets, (7) availability of vaccine products withdrawn from other markets (e.g. Giardia vaccine) or unique to Latin America (e.g. some Leishmania vaccines), (8) accessibility of vaccines directly by pet owners or breeders such that vaccination is not delivered under veterinary supervision, (9) limited availability of continuing education in veterinary vaccinology and lack of compulsion for continuing professional development and (10) limited peer‐reviewed published scientific data on small companion animal infectious diseases (with the exception of leishmaniosis) and lack of support for such academic research. In this document, the Vaccination Guidelines Group summarises the findings of this project and assesses in evidence‐based fashion the scientific literature pertaining to companion animal vaccine‐preventable diseases in Latin America. The Vaccination Guidelines Group makes some recommendations on undergraduate and postgraduate education and academic research. Recognising that current product availability in Latin America does not permit veterinarians in these countries to vaccinate according to the global World Small Animal Veterinary Association guidelines, the Vaccination Guidelines Group makes a series of “pragmatic” recommendations as to what might be currently achievable, and a series of “aspirational” recommendations as to what might be desirable for the future. The concept of “vaccine husbandry” is addressed via some simple guidelines for the management of vaccine products i...

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Autochthonous Outbreak and Expansion of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis, Uruguay

Cited by 29 publications

References 9 publications

Multi-Anti-Parasitic Activity of Arylidene Ketones and Thiazolidene Hydrazines against Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp.

Multi-Anti-Parasitic Activity of Arylidene Ketones and Thiazolidene Hydrazines against Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp.

Molecular detection of Leishmania spp. in Brazilian cross‐border south region mammalian hosts

Recommendations on vaccination for Latin American small animal practitioners: a report of the WSAVA Vaccination Guidelines Group

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