Authors’ Reply to Davis: “It is Time to Ban Rapid Weight Loss from Combat Sports”

Artioli, Guilherme Giannini; Saunders, Bryan; Iglesias, Rodrigo Torturelli; Franchini, Émerson

doi:10.1007/s40279-017-0715-1

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Reale et al reviewed "acceptable" dietary strategies for Olympic combat sports and discussed how better health and performance outcome may be achieved. However, rapid body mass reduction can be seen as a prohibited method according to the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) criteria; Artioli et al discuss solid arguments why it is "time to ban rapid weight loss from combat sports". Strong data and health considerations indicate that weigh‐in procedures should urgently be modified to counteract these unhealthy tendencies in judo, and also in other weight category sports.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body weight and subcutaneous fat patterning in elite judokas

Sengeis

Müller

Störchle

et al. 2019

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Body weight and fat are major performance variables in many sports. Extreme weight reduction can lead to severe medical problems. Accurate body composition measurements are fundamental for both medical and performance optimization. Relative body weight in terms of mass index (MI1 = 0.53 M/(hs)), and in terms of body mass index (BMI = M/h 2) were determined (h:stature, s:sitting height, M:body mass). Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) was measured using a recently standardized ultrasound (US) method. US thickness sums from eight body sites were measured in 26 female and 35 male judokas of various weight classes. Comparisons of US and skinfold results indicate that the latter can be severely misleading in competitive judokas. Mean MI1 of females was 22.8 kg m−2 (BMI:22.9 kg m−2), males: 26.7 kg m−2 (BMI:26.5 kg m−2), but individual differences MI1‐BMI were larger than 0.5 kg m−2 in 13 and larger than 1.0 kg m−2 in three cases. Medians of SAT thickness sums D I were three‐times higher in females (66.1 mm) than in males (21.8 mm), and the fat patterning differed significantly. Females had 8.6% (median) fibrous structures embedded in SAT, and males 20.2%. Both MI and BMI were not correlated with SAT. Mean pre‐competition weight loss was 4.3% (ie, 3.0 kg), and maximum was 9.2% (7.4 kg), indicating that modifications of weigh‐in procedures are urgently needed. DI‐values mirror the athletes' potential to reduce ballast fat instead of short‐term weight reduction by dehydration; however, weight loss and SAT measured some weeks before the competitions were not correlated. Further, US measurements and medical longitudinal observations are required for discussing the large individual variations and possible fat minimum demands.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body weight and subcutaneous fat patterning in elite judokas

Sengeis

Müller

Störchle

et al. 2019

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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“…When studies on rapid weight loss in the literature are examined, it is seen that all studies associate the weight loss with the success and there are no studies in which the weight loss is associated with the failure (Artioli, Saunders, Iglesias, R., Franchini, 2017). When psychologically adverse effects of weight loss are evaluated, reported that the negative effects of weight loss were 58.3% dizziness, 57.3% susceptibility and irritability, 50.0% concentration impairment, and 41.7% headache (Bradley 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Rapid Weight Loss Practices of Taekwando Athletes and Their Effects

Seyhan¹

2018

JETS

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This study was conducted to determine the physiological and psychological effects of the weight loss by determining the weight loss methods commonly used by taekwondo athletes. Of the questionnaires evaluated, 107 belonged to female taekwondo athletes and 195 belonged to male taekwondo athletes. The arithmetic average, standard deviation and percent frequency (%) distributions of the obtained data were calculated. It was determined that the; first weight loss age for the competition is 15,66±3,84(kg) in males and 15,95±3,16(kg) in females; the highest weight loss rate before the competition is 4,52±2,77 (kg) in males and 4,40±5,36 (kg) in females. It was stated that 30.3% of male athletes and 41.1% of female athletes start to lose weight 3-4 weeks before the competition, that male and female athletes prefer the diet method most frequently as a rapid weight loss method and 21.5% of athletes who use the weight loss method with fluid loss prefer to run with raincoat. The athletes do not use ergogenic aids and the frequency percentage of physiological (muscle cramps, body temperature increase, heart throb, dyspnea, injury) and psychological (excessive nervousness, low performance due to high fatigue, stress) adverse effects of fast weight loss is very low.Conclusion: Unlike other martial athletes, it has been determined that Taekwondo athletes do not start to lose weight at an early age and that the majority of them try to reach the weight they want by applying the diet method among rapid weight loss methods in a very short time before the competition.

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“…In fact 90% of judo and taekwondo coaches reported that the recommended pre-competition weight loss duration was 16.2±8.2 days and an average reduction of 1.5±0.7 kg (Ben-El Berkovich et al, 2019) . Considering the harmful effects of RWL outlined in the existing literature, it is important to determine and monitor the athlete's minimum competitive weight to prioritize athlete health and safety, emphasize fairness, and ultimately benefit the sport even though RWL is not officially prohibited (Guilherme Giannini Artioli et al, 2017;Lakicevic et al, 2020). The NCAA has created a weight management program that appears to be more effective at reducing weight loss behavior than rapid weight loss and several studies have demonstrated the positive impact of the NCAA program on athletes' weight management behavior (Giannini Artioli et al, 2010;RA et al, 2006).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid weight loss (RWL) method on game performance of martial art athletes

Hariadi

Fadhli

Taufik

et al. 2022

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Martial athletes use the rapid weight loss (RWL) method as a strategy to lose weight quickly before competing. This study was conducted to examine the prevalence of the magnitude of the impact of the RWL method used as a way to lose weight by running using a sauna suit on the physical, physiological, psychological, and performance conditions of martial athletes. The population in this study were martial arts athletes throughout Indonesia. This study uses a descriptive method by collecting data through a questionnaire instrument on google Forms which is distributed to martial athletes, especially in the fighting class. The results of the identification through the instrument were then analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results n this study were 88 martial arts athletes using the weight loss method by running using a sauna suit. The impact that occurred on athletes all experienced more than one impact of RWL on the athlete's physical condition, physiological, psychological, and performance of martial athletes which included athletes experiencing 19% of martial arts athletes experiencing muscle cramps, 26% of athletes' body temperature increasing, 7% increasing heart rate, 1% athletes experience dyspnea, 3% athletes experience injuries, 8% athletes feel irritable/increased temperament, 49% athletes experience increased fatigue, 16% athletes experience decreased performance, 9% athletes experience stress, and 17% athletes feel their sports interest is reduced.

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Authors’ Reply to Davis: “It is Time to Ban Rapid Weight Loss from Combat Sports”

Cited by 4 publications

References 32 publications

Body weight and subcutaneous fat patterning in elite judokas

Body weight and subcutaneous fat patterning in elite judokas

Evaluation of the Rapid Weight Loss Practices of Taekwando Athletes and Their Effects

Rapid weight loss (RWL) method on game performance of martial art athletes

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