Authoritative parenting and adolescent adjustment: An ecological journey.

Steinberg, Laurence; Darling, Nancy; Fletcher, Anne C.

doi:10.1037/10176-012

Cited by 474 publications

(576 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…1 Socioeconomic status was based on both the participant's as well as a collateral's response to mother's and father's level of education. 2 The maximum response given by either the participant or collateral was used and an average was calculated as previous research has shown that parental education may be the most stable component of a family's social class (Steinberg, Mounts, Lamborn, & Dornbusch, 1991). Response options ranged from (1) some graduate/professional school to (6) grade school or less, with low scores being indicative of higher educational attainment.…”

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confidence: 99%

Legal, individual, and environmental predictors of court disposition in a sample of serious adolescent offenders.

Cauffman

Piquero

Kimonis

et al. 2007

Law and Human Behavior

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Historically, the juvenile court has been expected to consider each youth's distinct rehabilitative needs in the dispositional decision-making process, rather than focusing on legal factors alone. This study examines the extent to which demographic, psychological, contextual, and legal factors, independently predict dispositional outcomes (i.e., probation vs. confinement) within two juvenile court jurisdictions (Philadelphia, Phoenix). The sample consists of 1,355 14-to 18-year-old male and female juvenile offenders adjudicated of a serious criminal offense. Results suggest that legal factors have the strongest influence on disposition in both jurisdictions. For example, a higher number of prior court referrals is associated with an increased likelihood of secure confinement in both jurisdictions. Juveniles adjudicated of violent offenses are more likely to receive secure confinement in Phoenix, but are more likely to be placed on probation in Philadelphia. Race is unrelated to dispositional outcome, but, males are consistently more likely than females to be placed in secure confinement. Importantly, individual factors (e.g., developmental maturity) generally were not powerful independent predictors of disposition. Finally, an examination of the predictors of juvenile versus adult court transfer in Phoenix indicated that males, older juveniles, and those with a violent adjudicated charge were more likely to be transferred to adult court, while juveniles scoring high on responsibility as well as those juveniles with an alcohol dependence diagnosis were more likely to be retained in juvenile court. KeywordsAdolescence; Juvenile justice; Waiver to adult court; Sentencing; Maturity NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptThe contemporary juvenile justice system must balance the two competing challenges of optimally providing for youths' positive development and ensuring public safety (Grisso, 2003), with the former goal differentiating it from adult criminal courts. Although landmark juvenile cases, including Kent v. U.S. (1966) and In re Gault (1967) have reduced differences between adult and juvenile courts by providing juveniles with more procedural guarantees of due process, they have also highlighted the enduring role of personal and environmental characteristics specific to each youth (e.g., maturity, behavioral and emotional factors) in dispositional decision-making (In re Gault, 387 U.S. 1, 1967; Kent v. United States, 383 U.S. 541, 1966). In theory, the primary goal of the juvenile justice system is to administer "custommade" dispositions to youths based on a case-by-case consideration of each youth's distinct rehabilitative needs (Connell, 1980;Horwitz & Wasserman, 1980). This customization should result in different juvenile court dispositions for adolescent offenders whose personality characteristics and social backgrounds differ but who may commit similar offenses. In practice, however, as is the case in adult criminal courts, dispositional decisions in conte...

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Legal, individual, and environmental predictors of court disposition in a sample of serious adolescent offenders.

Cauffman

Piquero

Kimonis

et al. 2007

Law and Human Behavior

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“…Os filhos de pais autoritativos têm sido associados sempre a aspectos positivos como melhor desempenho nos estudos (Steinberg, Darling & Fletcher, 1995;Cohen & Rice, 1997), uso de estratégias adaptativas (Aunola, Stattin & Nurmi, 2000), maior grau de otimismo (Weber, Viezzer & Brandenburg, 2002). Enfim, filhos de pais autoritativos são vistos como socialmente e instrumentalmente mais competentes do que os filhos de pais não autoritativos (Darling, 1999).…”

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Identificação de estilos parentais: o ponto de vista dos pais e dos filhos

Weber¹,

Prado²,

Viezzer³

et al. 2004

Psicol. Reflex. Crit.

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ResumoA fim de explorar os estilos parentais entre famílias brasileiras, 239 crianças (de 9 a 12 anos, de duas escolas municipais de Curitiba) e seus respectivos pais responderam a duas escalas de responsividade e exigência parental. Estas escalas, que categorizam quatro estilos parentais, foram adaptadas de adolescentes para crianças e apresentaram índices de consistência interna adequados (alpha entre 0,58 e 0,76). Os pais foram classificados como: 45,4% negligentes, 32,8% autoritativos, 11,8% permissivos e 10,1% autoritários. Embora os pais tenham se percebido como mais responsivos e exigentes do que seus filhos perceberam, a correlação entre as respostas dadas pelas crianças e por seus pais foi significativa e positiva. Além disso, a percepção das crianças, de suas mães, foi correlacionada com a percepção delas de seus pais. As diferenças de percepção dos estilos parentais foram discutidas e as pesquisadoras chamam a atenção para o número muito alto de famílias negligentes observado. Palavras-chave: Estilo parental; práticas educativas parentais; disciplina. Parenting Style: Perceptions of Children and their Parents AbstractIn order to explore parenting styles among Brazilian families, 239 children (9-12 yrs old), from two public schools in Curitiba, and their parents answered two scales of parental responsiveness and demandingness. These scales, which categorize four parenting styles, were adapted for use with children (they were originally developed to be anwered by adolescents) and showed satisfactory reliability coefficients (alpha between 0,65 and 0,76). Parents were classified as: negligent (45,4%), authoritative (32,8%), indulgent (11,8%) and authoritarian (10,1%). Although parents have perceived themselves as being more responsive and demanding when compared to the opinions of their children, the correlation between the answers of parents and children was significant and positive. Additionally, the childrens perceptions of their mothers correlated with that of their fathers. These differences in perception of parenting styles are discussed and the researchers call attention to the high number of negligent families observed. Keywords: Parenting style; parenting practices; discipline.Desde a década de 1930, cientistas têm se preocupado com questões como Qual a melhor forma de educar os filhos? e Quais são as conseqüências que podem ser provocadas no desenvolvimento das crianças educadas por diferentes modelos de pais? (Darling & Steinberg, 1993). O modelo teórico de Baumrind (1966) sobre os tipos de controle parental foi um marco nos estudos que vêm sendo feitos sobre a educação paisfilhos, servindo como base para um novo conceito de estilos parentais que integra aspectos emocionais e comportamentais.Baumrind (1966) propôs o controle parental autoritativo (authoritative 3 ) como sendo o mais efetivo que os dois outros tipos de controle: o autoritário e o permissivo. Isso foi comprovado em suas pesquisas (Baumrind, 1967(Baumrind, , 1971Baumrind & Black, 1967) de observação de crianças em idade pré-escol...

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“…Esta conceptualización reflejaba dos procesos subyacentes: el número y tipo de demandas hechas por los padres y la contingencia del refuerzo parental. Estudios posteriores (Dornbush, Ritter, Leiderman, Roberts & Fraleigh, 1987;Maccoby & Martins, 1983) expandieron la formulación de Baumrind y documentaron ampliamente los efectos de la responsividad y demanda parental (Steinberg, Darling, Fletcher, Brown & Dornbusch, 1995;Steinberg et al, 1991;Steinberg, Lamborn, Darling, Mounts & Dornbusch, 1994) y de las prácticas parentales -particularmente el monitoreo parental-en el desarrollo de niños y adolescentes (Dishion & McMahon, 1998;Stevenson & Baker, 1987).…”

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“…Los resultados de los estudios que han utilizado el estilo parental, en su mayoría, han sido robustos, en particular, la asociación entre calidez parental y resultados positivos en niños de diferentes culturas (Fletcher, Steinberg & Williams-Wheeler, 2004;Steinberg, 2001;Steinberg et al, 1991). No obstante, persisten algunas interrogantes respecto de la manera apropiada de medir el estilo parental (Darling & Toyokawa, 1997) y las características de algunas prácticas (e.g., monitoreo, Fletcher et al, 2004;Soenens & Vansteenkiste, 2005;, así como preguntas relativas a la capacidad de generalización de los resultados en diferentes poblaciones (Vazsonyi, Hibbert & Snider, 2003).…”

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“…En 1972, Baumrind reportó que la parentalidad autoritaria se asociaba con temor, comportamiento tímido y dócil en niños euro-americanos; en cambio, en niñas afro-americanas se asociaba con asertividad. Estudios posteriores demostraron que el estilo autoritativo se asociaba fuertemente con logro académico en adolescentes euro-americanos, pero era menos predictivo del logro académico en jóvenes asiáticos y afro-americanos y predecía autoestima en todos los grupos (Darling & Steinberg, 1993;Dornbusch et al, 1987;Steinberg et al, 1991;Steinberg et al, 1995).…”

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Análisis Psicométrico de la Escala Parental Breve (EPB): Invarianza Demográfica y Longitudinal en Adolescentes Chilenos

et al. 2014

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Nancy Darling Oberlin CollegeSe reporta el análisis psicométrico de la Escala Parental Breve (EPB), desarrollada a partir del PSI II (Darling & Toyokawa, 1997). La EPB se compone de 3 subescalas: 2 que evalúan dimensiones del estilo parental (responsividad/ calidez y demanda parental) y una que evalúa la práctica parental de monitoreo. Se utilizó una muestra intencionada de adolescentes chilenos (segunda medición N = 1426, 53% mujeres; tercera medición N = 1342, 51% mujeres; cuarta medición N = 879, 51% mujeres) de 6 colegios particulares, subvencionados y municipales de la Región Metropolitana, reclutados para un estudio longitudinal sobre desarrollo de autonomía en adolescentes y relaciones entre padres y adolescentes. Mediante análisis factorial exploratorio se evaluó la dimensionalidad de la EPB en la segunda medición. Los análisis factoriales confirmatorios apoyaron la invarianza métrica de la EPB por género, nivel socioeconómico y edad, en la tercera medición, y la estabilidad temporal de la escala, comparando las mediciones 3 y 4. Las correlaciones de las escalas del instrumento con otros indicadores de comportamiento parental y de bienestar en los adolescentes apoyaron la validez concurrente de la EPB. Palabras clave: estilo parental, adolescencia, análisis psicométrico, invarianza métricaThe article reports the psychometric analysis of the Escala Parental Breve (EPB), a scale developed from the PSI II (Darling & Toyokawa, 1997). The EPB includes 3 subscales: 2 dimensions of parenting style (parental warmth and demand) and parental monitoring, a parenting practice. A purposive sample of Chilean adolescents was used (second wave N = 1426, 53% female; third wave N = 1342, 51% female; fourth wave N = 879, 51% female), recruited from 6 private, subsidized private, and public schools in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago for a longitudinal study of the development of autonomy in adolescence and the relationships between parents and adolescents. Exploratory factor analysis was used to evaluate the dimensionality of the EPB in the second wave. The results of confirmatory factor analysis of the third wave of data supported the metric invariance of the scale by gender, socioeconomic status, and age. Comparisons between the third and fourth wave provided evidence for the temporal stability of the instrument. The correlations of the instrument's scales with other indicators of parental behavior and adolescent well-being supported the concurrent validity of the EPB.

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Authoritative parenting and adolescent adjustment: An ecological journey.

Cited by 474 publications

References 33 publications

Legal, individual, and environmental predictors of court disposition in a sample of serious adolescent offenders.

Legal, individual, and environmental predictors of court disposition in a sample of serious adolescent offenders.

Identificação de estilos parentais: o ponto de vista dos pais e dos filhos

Análisis Psicométrico de la Escala Parental Breve (EPB): Invarianza Demográfica y Longitudinal en Adolescentes Chilenos

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