Attentional SNARC: There’s something special about numbers (let us count the ways)

Dodd, Michael D.; Stigchel, Stefan Van der; Leghari, M. Adil; Fung, Gery; Kingstone, Alan

doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2008.04.006

Cited by 98 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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114

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“…In the case of non-numerical ordinal stimuli (e.g., letters), since there is no magnitude, we can expect only a weak activation of the ORM (e.g., Dodd et al, 2008; 29 Gevers et al, 2003;Van Opstal et al, 2009). For an overview regarding how our results and those of previous studies fit our model, see Table 1.…”

Section: Figure 7 About Heresupporting

confidence: 51%

Separate mechanisms for magnitude and order processing in the spatial-numerical association of response codes (SNARC) effect: The strange case of musical note values.

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Fumarola

Tommaso

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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The SNARC effect is considered an evidence of the association between numbers and space, with faster left key-press responses to small numbers and faster right key-press responses to large numbers. We examined whether visually presented note values produce a SNARClike effect. Differently from numbers, note values are represented as a decreasing left-toright progression, allowing us to disambiguate the contribution of order and magnitude in determining the direction of the effect. Musicians with formal education performed a note value comparison in Experiment 1 (direct task), a line orientation judgment in Experiment 2 (indirect task), and a detection task in Experiment 3 (indirect task). When note values were task relevant (direct task), participants responded faster to large note values with the left key-press, and vice versa. Conversely, when note values were task irrelevant (indirect tasks), the direction of this association was reversed. This evidence suggests the existence of separate mechanisms underlying the SNARC effect. Namely, an Order-Related Mechanism (ORM) and a Magnitude-Related Mechanism (MRM), that are revealed by different task demands. Indeed, according to a new model we proposed, ordinal and magnitude related information seem to be preferentially involved in direct and indirect tasks, respectively.

show abstract

Section: Figure 7 About Heresupporting

confidence: 51%

Separate mechanisms for magnitude and order processing in the spatial-numerical association of response codes (SNARC) effect: The strange case of musical note values.

Prpic

Fumarola

Tommaso

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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show abstract

“…Importantly, this occurred even though these symbols were entirely irrelevant to the detection task, and observers were explicitly told that the symbols did not predict the location of the upcoming target (see also Ristic & Kingstone, 2006Ristic, Landry, & Kingstone, 2012). Similar findings have been observed for temporal words (e.g., tomorrow, yesterday; Weger & Pratt, 2008), words relating to concrete concepts (e.g., head, foot; Estes, Verges, & Barsalou, 2008), words relating to abstract concepts (e.g., god, devil ;Chasteen, Burdzy, & Pratt, 2010), pictures relating to abstract concepts (e.g., liberal, conservative ;Mills, Smith, Hibbing, & Dodd, 2015), numbers (Fischer, Castel, Dodd, & Pratt, 2003), and letters (Dodd, Van der Stigchel, Leghari, Fung, & Kingstone, 2008). Taken together, these findings indicate that a broad range of visual symbols can produce unintentional shifts of attention (but see Fattorini, Pinto, Rotondaro, & Doricchi, 2015).…”

supporting

confidence: 64%

Which way is which? Examining symbolic control of attention with compound arrow cues

Mills

Dodd

2016

Atten Percept Psychophys

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Spatial symbols can generate attentional biases toward peripheral locations compatible with the symbol's meaning. An important question concerns how one symbol is selected when competing symbols are present. Studies examining this issue for spatially distinct symbols have suggested that selection depends on the task goals. In the present study, we examined whether the influence of competing symbolic stimuli (arrows) at different levels of structure on attentional control also depends on the task goals. Participants made simple detection responses to a peripheral target preceded by a spatially uninformative compound arrow (global arrow composed of local arrows). In addition, participants were required to perform a secondary task in which they matched the orientation of the global arrow (global task) or the location of a uniquely colored local arrow (local task) to a test display presented immediately following a detection response. When the global and local arrows pointed at opposite locations, a local cueing effect emerged in the local task, and a global cueing effect in the global task, indicating that the task goals influenced the selection of the level of structure. However, when the local level was spatially neutral (global arrow, local rectangles), a cueing effect was observed independent of task, and when the global level was spatially neutral (global rectangle, local arrows), a cueing effect was observed in the local task only, suggesting that global processing was obligatory and local processing optional. These findings suggest that attentional effects triggered by the global level are more strongly reflexive than those triggered by the local level.Keywords Attention . Symbolic control . Contingent capture . Compound cue . Global/local Everyday visual environments generally contain more information than can be processed within a glance. As such, goaldirected perception and action depend on mechanisms of selective visual attention for prioritizing an endless stream of sensory input, and so giving more weight to those objects, locations, or events that require immediate or sustained processing. To understand how attention is prioritized and allocated to visual stimuli, a useful distinction is that between bottom-up (reflexive) and top-down (volitional) attentional control, with the former driven by the physical characteristics of a stimulus and the latter by the current goals of the observer

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“…It is possible, however, that if the participants made eye movements in the direction of the motor was no significant difference between congruent and incongruent trials for the 100-msec condition [t(9) 1.72, p .11], which is not surprising, given that in many studies with central cues, effects have failed to emerge until later SOAs (e.g., Dodd et al, 2008;Fischer et al, 2003).…”

Section: Apparatus Procedure Design and Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 82%

“…At the beginning of each trial, a white circle (1º in diameter) was presented at the center of the screen. Following a period of 500 msec, the color of the fixation circle changed from white to an arbitrary central cue were completely obligatory and were caused by the learned spatial properties of the central cue, in a manner similar to the automatic shifts of attention evoked by central numbers (Dodd, Van der Stigchel, Leghari, Fung, & Kingstone, 2008;Fischer, Castel, Dodd, & Pratt, 2003), arrows, and directional words (Hommel, Pratt, Colzato, & Godijn, 2001;Pratt & Hommel, 2003).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shift and deviate: Saccades reveal that shifts of covert attention evoked by trained spatial stimuli are obligatory

Stigchel

Mills

Dodd

2010

Atten Percept Psychophys

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Attentional SNARC: There’s something special about numbers (let us count the ways)

Cited by 98 publications

References 23 publications

Separate mechanisms for magnitude and order processing in the spatial-numerical association of response codes (SNARC) effect: The strange case of musical note values.

Separate mechanisms for magnitude and order processing in the spatial-numerical association of response codes (SNARC) effect: The strange case of musical note values.

Which way is which? Examining symbolic control of attention with compound arrow cues

Shift and deviate: Saccades reveal that shifts of covert attention evoked by trained spatial stimuli are obligatory

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