Attention bias away from threat during life threatening danger predicts PTSD symptoms at one-year follow-up

Wald, Ilan; Shechner, Tomer; Bitton, Shani; Holoshitz, Yael; Charney, Dennis S.; Müller, David; Fox, Nathan A.; Pine, Daniel S.; Bar‐Haim, Yair

doi:10.1002/da.20808

Cited by 87 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…For example, Bar-Haim et al (2010) found that amongst those exposed to real bomb threats, those who avoided threatening stimuli showed increased distress. Similar results were found by Wald et al (2011), whereby those who avoided threatening stimuli during real threats of rocket attacks had increased risk of PTSD. Based on the existing ABM findings for threat, Wald et al (In Press) developed an ABM protocol that trained Israeli soldiers to attend towards threatening stimuli.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Attentional bias modification and pain: The role of sensory and affective stimuli

Todd

Sharpe

Colagiuri

2016

Behaviour Research and Therapy

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There is growing evidence to support attentional bias modification (ABM) techniques such as the modified dot-probe task within the pain literature. Such techniques can help to inform theoretical models of pain by identifying the causal role of attentional bias constructs. The aim of this research was to explore the effects of dot-probe ABM that trains individuals towards (+) or away from (-) sensory (S) and affective (A) pain words, on attentional biases, interpretation biases, and pain outcomes. Healthy undergraduate students (N = 106) completed questionnaires, an attentional bias dot-probe task, and an interpretation bias task before and after ABM, one of four ABM versions that differed in training direction (S+A+, S-A+, S+A-, S-A-), and pain outcomes using the cold pressor task. Those trained towards affective pain words were found to have a greater pain threshold but also greater distress at tolerance. However, mechanisms of change could not be established, as ABM did not affect attentional or interpretation bias, even though changes in attentional bias were associated with pain outcomes. These findings provide partial support for the threat interpretation model and highlight the utility of affective pain ABM, although further investigation of causal mechanisms is warranted.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Attentional bias modification and pain: The role of sensory and affective stimuli

Todd

Sharpe

Colagiuri

2016

Behaviour Research and Therapy

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“…Similar results have been shown in combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (Constans, McCloskey, Vasterling, Brailey, & Mathews, 2004;Sipos, Bar-Haim, Abend, Adler, & Bliese, 2014;Wald, Lubin, et al, 2011;Wald, Shechner, et al, 2011), and also in civilians who are regularly exposed to life-threatening danger (Bar-Haim et al, 2010). A third characteristic of threat-related attentional bias is the difficulty in disengagement (i.e., it is harder to disengage attention from a threat stimulus relative to a neutral stimulus; Cisler & Olatunji, 2010;Mogg, Holmes, Garner, & Bradley, 2008;Salemink, van den Hout, & Kindt, 2007).…”

Section: Threat-related Attentional Biassupporting

confidence: 72%

Threat-Related Attentional Biases in Police Officers and Martial Artists: Investigating Potential Differences Using the E-Stroop and Dot Probe Task

et al. 2017

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In this study, we investigated the possible development of threat-related attentional bias due to the work as a police officer. For this purpose, we compared four groups, differing with regard to their experience in policing and martial arts: (a) police officers with no experience in martial arts (n = 74), (b) martial artists (n = 50), (c) police officers with martial arts experience (n = 33), and (d) a control group (n = 48). Participants completed the Dot Probe Task, the Emotional Stroop Task, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. The results on the Dot Probe and the Emotional Stroop Task showed that the groups did not differ with regard to threat-related attentional biases. However, the control group showed higher measures of trait anxiety compared with the other groups. The results are discussed in the light of police use of force and martial arts training, as well as with regard to optimizing psychological measures to capture functional threat-related attentional bias.

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“…(Sipos et al, 2013;Wald, Shechner, et al, 2011;Wald et al, 2013). Associations of these samples may reflect our association found when attentional control was high.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Is trait resilience characterized by specific patterns of attentional bias to emotional stimuli and attentional control?

Schäfer

Wittchen

Höfler

et al. 2015

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

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Attention bias away from threat during life threatening danger predicts PTSD symptoms at one-year follow-up

Abstract: Attention bias away from threat during acute stress may relate to risk for PTSD. This suggests that neurocognitive measures may index risk for PTSD.

Cited by 87 publications

References 32 publications

Attentional bias modification and pain: The role of sensory and affective stimuli

Attentional bias modification and pain: The role of sensory and affective stimuli

Threat-Related Attentional Biases in Police Officers and Martial Artists: Investigating Potential Differences Using the E-Stroop and Dot Probe Task

Is trait resilience characterized by specific patterns of attentional bias to emotional stimuli and attentional control?

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