ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) Transporter Genes Involved in Pyrethroid Resistance in the Malaria Vector Anopheles sinensis: Genome-Wide Identification, Characteristics, Phylogenetics, and Expression Profile

Abstract

background: The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters family is one of the largest families of membrane proteins existing in all living organisms. Pyrethroid resistance has become the largest unique obstacle for mosquito control worldwide. ABC transporters are thought to be associated with pyrethroid resistance in some agricultural pests, but little information is known for mosquitoes. Herein, we investigated the diversity, location, characteristics, phylogenetics, and evolution of ABC transporter family of genes in the Anopheles sinensis genome, and identified the ABC transporter genes associated with pyrethroid resistance through expression profiles using RNA-seq and qPCR. Results: 61 ABC transporter genes are identified and divided into eight subfamilies (ABCA-H), located on 22 different scaffolds. Phylogenetic and evolution analyses with ABC transporters of A. gambiae, Drosophila melanogaster, and Homo sapiens suggest that the ABCD, ABCG, and ABCH subfamilies are monophyly, and that the ABCC and ABCG subfamilies have experienced a gene duplication event. Both RNA-seq and qPCR analyses show that the AsABCG28 gene is uniquely significantly upregulated gene in all three field pyrethroid-resistant populations (Anhui, Chongqing, and Yunnan provinces) in comparison with a laboratory-susceptible strain from Jiangsu province. The AsABCG28 is significantly upregulated at 12-h and 24-h after deltamethrin exposure in three-day-old female adults. Conclusion: This study provides the information frame for ABC transporter subfamily of genes, and lays an important basis for the better understanding and further research of ABC transporter function in insecticide toxification. The AsABCG28 gene is associated with pyrethroid detoxification, and it functions at later period in the detoxification process for xenobiotics transportation.

Effects of Insecticide Stress on Expression of NlABCG Transporter Gene in the Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens

“…The results of the present study indicate that the ABCG transporter in BPH shows varying responses to different levels of thiamethoxam, abamectin, and cyantraniliprole stress. Similar results have been observed in Anopheles sinensis [29], Bactrocera dorsalis [22], and Cnaphalocrocis medinalis [41]. Although these findings do not directly suggest that the ABCG transporter is involved in the development of insect resistance, our results provide insight into the function of the ABCG transporter.…”

“…ABC transporters have been systematically studied in many insects [20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30]. However, the effects of insecticides on ABC transporters in BPH are not fully understood.…”

Identification and Expression Characterization of ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) Transporter Genes in Melon Fly

“…This differs from that of B. tabaci in which all ABCBs members are HTs. Both FTs and HTs play important roles in arthropods [37]. For the ABCD, ABCE, ABCF, and ABCH subfamilies of Z cucurbitae, two, one, three, and three proteins were identified, respectively.…”

Ursolic acid reduces Adriamycin resistance of human ovarian cancer cells through promoting the HuR translocation from cytoplasm to nucleus

“…ABC transporter family, including MDR1, MRP and BCRP, contributes to drug resistance 17 . Among them, the study of MDR1 in MDR is the most, and overexpression of MDR1 is the main factor contributing to MDR in tumor cells 18 .…”

“…ABC transporter family, including MDR1, MRP and BCRP, contributes to drug resistance. 17 Among them, the study of MDR1 in MDR is the most, and overexpression of MDR1 is the main factor contributing to MDR in tumor cells. 18 MDR1 is an ATP-dependent membrane transporter, which can be combined with chemotherapeutic drugs upon entering into the cytoplasm, and then pump drugs out of the cell, reduce the concentration of drugs in the cell using its transport function, so as to reduce the toxic effect of drugs and result in drug resistance of tumor cells.…”