Atomic Spectrometry Update—Atomisation and Excitation

Abstract

6 Atomic Magneto-optical Rotation Spectrometry 7 Chemical Vapour Generation 7.1. Hydride Generation Analysis by atomic spectrometry was one of the first instrumental analytical techniques to be developed. It might be expected that this maturity would be reflected in a slowing down in the pace of development. That this has not happened is attributable to the symbiotic relationship that exists between demand and development with each feeding continually on the other. Recent catalysts in this cycle have been the development of hybrid techniques and chemometrics which both enhance the information content of analytical procedures and provide means for its extraction and interpretation. Thus, as the nature of the source material changes, so must these Update Reviews in order to provide a balanced view of progress. For this reason, this Atomisation and Excitation Update has been pruned slightly with inorganic mass spectrometry being transferred and combined with X-ray spectrometry to form a new Update that will appear in the next issue of JAAS.

Liquid-sample introduction in plasma spectrometry

“…This complicated £ow dynamic generates turbulences inside the spray chamber that promote the droplet selection process by collision against the inner walls of the spray chamber. It has been reported that centrifugal losses are not relevant in this design [15].…”

“…It is recognized that, when less of 5% of the analyte nebulized is transported to the plasma, the spray chamber, rather than the nebulizer (i.e., conventional pneumatic nebulizers), determines the characteristics of the aerosol injected into the plasma [15]. Spray chambers (Fig.…”

High throughput sample introduction system for the analysis of drinking waters and wastewaters by ICP-MS

“…The main role of the nebulizer is to generate an aerosol, with a narrow drop size distribution, of small droplets from a continuous solution stream. 4 A spray chamber then efficiently filters out the large aerosol droplets. 5 Since the droplets must be desolvated, and the resulting salt vaporized, atomized and ionized during the short residence time in the plasma, the spray chamber passes only small droplets (typical diameter <10 mm).…”

Modified Babington Nebulizer for Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry

“…Some modifications have been made in ICP-AES, e.g., V-groove, [13][14][15][16][17] frit 18,19 and conespray 6,20 types; however, these are less popular than concentric and cross-flow nebulizers, and their operating conditions and/or performance would be somewhat different from the conventional type.…”

“…Therefore, many trials have been made to improve the aerosol transport efficiency, stability and response time. So far, various types of nebulizers and cloud chambers and/or their combination have been investigated, [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] including low sample flow rate types of microconcentric, 7,8 high efficiency 9,10 and direct injection 9,11 nebulizers, with some advantage for a detector of liquid chromatography or capillary electrophoresis. At the present stage, on the other hand, a concentric nebulizer with a cyclone chamber has been adopted to commercially available instruments with good analytical performance.…”