Atmospheric transport and deposition of trace elements onto the Greenland Ice Sheet

Davidson, Cliff I.; Santhanam, Suresh; Fortmann, Roy C.; Marvin, P.Olson

doi:10.1016/0004-6981(85)90115-5

Cited by 130 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Observation in (c) are from Davidson et al (1985) and ( isolate the indirect effect (differences between b and a, and g and f, respectively). e) and j) isalate the BC-albedo effect (differences between c and b, and h and g, respectively).…”

Section: List Of Figuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinguishing Aerosol Impacts on Climate over the Past Century

et al. 2009

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• C from the DE, IE, and BAE. Ice and snow cover increased 1.0% from the IE and decreased 0.3% from the BAE. These changes were a factor of 4 larger in the Arctic. Global cloud cover increased by 0.5% from the IE.Net aerosol cooling effects are about half as large as the GHG warming, and their combined climate effects are smaller than the sum of their individual effects. Increasing GHG's did not affect the IE impact on cloud cover, however they decreased aerosol effects on SAT by 20% and on snow/ice cover by 50%; they also obscure the BAE on snow/ice cover.Arctic snow, ice, cloud, and shortwave forcing changes occur mostly during summer-fall, but SAT, sea level pressure, and long-wave forcing changes occur

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Section: List Of Figuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinguishing Aerosol Impacts on Climate over the Past Century

et al. 2009

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“…The necessity of establishing these links has long been recognized and was well summarized by Lambert et al: (1983) when they observed that "for lack a transfer function between air and snow, it is yet impossible to deduce from firn measurements what the air concentration was at the time of deposition" (p. 1289). A number of attempts to remedy this situation by directly comparing the composition of present day snow in both polar regions to that of the atmosphere (all of which were restricted to limited data) have drawn conclusions about airsnow relationships that differ for different elements and locations (Rahn and McCaffrey, 1979;Ng and Patterson, 1981;Peel and Wolff, 1982;Borys, 1983: Davidson et al, 1985, 1987Dick and Peel, 1985). Taken together, these studies show that the correspondence between atmospheric and snow chemistry is rarely straightforward.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initial findings of recent investigations of air-snow relationships in the summit region of the Greenland ice sheet

1992

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The concentrations of 7Be, 21°pb and major ions have been measured in aerosol and snow samples collected near Summit, Greenland (72°20'N, 38°45'W) in the summers of 1989 and 1990. Comparison to previous results from free tropospheric sampling of the North American Arctic indicates that some aerosol-associated species are as much as 50% depleted in near surface air over the Greenland Ice Sheet. It is shown that local atmospheric processes, particularly isolation of air masses beneath a near surface inversion, can exert dominant influence on the chemistry of surface-level air. These findings illustrate the extreme caution that must be taken if the results of surface-based atmospheric sampling are to be used to examine the relationship between the chemistry of the atmosphere and snow falling from it.Depth profiles of 7Be in the surface layers of the snowpack near Summit suggest that up to half of the annual accumulation of snow may occur in the two to three month late spring-early summer period. If this is generally true for the Summit region, previous regional studies of snow chemistry that assumed linear dependence of age on depth to convert depth profiles to time series will have to be reassesed. However, spatial heterogeneity of near surface snow chemistry, that is currently not well understood, makes interpretation of the 7Be profiles tentative at present.

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“…Snowpack is a specific "sink" of atmospheric pollution and for this reason its significance is particularly important for higher regions of the mountains where water and atmospheric pollutants in snow retention may last continuously for several months [1][2][3]. As which belongs to Hercynian European Highlands.…”

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confidence: 99%

Application of Chemometric Analysis to the Study of Snow at the Sudety Mountains, Poland

Błaś

Polkowska

Simeonov

et al. 2016

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

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Snow samples were collected during winter 2011/2012 in three posts in the Western Sudety Mountains (Poland) in 3 consecutive phases of snow cover development, i.e. stabilisation (Feb 1st), growth (Mar 15th) and its ablation (Mar 27th). To maintain a fixed number of samples, each snow profile has been divided into six layers, but hydrochemical indications were made for each 10 cm section of core. The complete data set was subjected in the first run of chemometric data interpretation to Cluster Analysis as well as Principal Components Analysis. Further, Self-Organizing Maps, type of neutral network described by Kohonen were used for visualization and interpretation of large high-dimensional data sets. For each site the hierarchical Ward's method of linkage, squared Euclidean distance as similarity measure, standardized raw data, cluster significance test according to Sneath's criterion clustering of the chemical variables was done. Afterwards this grouping of the chemical variables was confirmed by the results from Principal Components Analysis. The major conclusion is that the whole system of three sampling sites four patterns of variable groupings are observed: the first one is related to the mineral salt impact; the second one -with the impact of secondary emissions and organic pollutants; next one -with dissolved matter effect and the last one -with oxidative influence, again with relation to anthropogenic activities like smog, coal burning, traffic etc. It might be also concluded that specificity of the samples is determined by the factors responsible for the data set structure and not by particular individual or time factors.

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Atmospheric transport and deposition of trace elements onto the Greenland Ice Sheet

Cited by 130 publications

References 35 publications

Distinguishing Aerosol Impacts on Climate over the Past Century

Distinguishing Aerosol Impacts on Climate over the Past Century

Initial findings of recent investigations of air-snow relationships in the summit region of the Greenland ice sheet

Application of Chemometric Analysis to the Study of Snow at the Sudety Mountains, Poland

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