Atmospheric pressure ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry with a supersonic ion beam

Sin, Chung Hang; Lee, Edgar D.; Lee, Milton L.

doi:10.1021/ac00024a018

Cited by 57 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The use of accurate mass measurements in metabolite detection and in structure determination has increased significantly since the introduction of enhanced performance API‐TOF mass spectrometers 35. The current commercial instruments provide fast mass spectral acquisition speeds with high full‐scan sensitivity and resolution of 5000–10 000.…”

Section: Detection Of Metabolites and Determination Of The Site Of Bimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, modern ITMS technology with its MS n (multi‐stage mass spectral scans29) capability34 is highly efficient in the structural analysis of metabolites. The recently introduced API‐TOF mass spectrometry35 provides high‐resolution analysis with a mass accuracy better than 10 ppm, and hence the possibility of the determination of the elemental compositions of metabolites and high specificity in their detection 36, 37. Furthermore, the quadrupole‐TOF mass spectrometer (Q‐TOF) provides high sensitivity for the determination of full‐scan product ion spectra of metabolites 36…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure ionization–mass spectrometry in drug metabolism studies

et al. 2003

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The study of the metabolic fate of drugs is an essential and important part of the drug development process. The analysis of metabolites is a challenging task and several different analytical methods have been used in these studies. However, after the introduction of the atmospheric pressure ionization (API) technique, electrospray and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) has become an important and widely used method in the analysis of metabolites owing to its superior specificity, sensitivity and efficiency. In this paper the feasibility of LC/API-MS techniques in the identification, structure characterization and quantitation of drug metabolites is reviewed. Sample preparation, LC techniques, isotope labeling, suitability of different MS techniques, such as tandem mass spectrometry, and high-resolution MS in drug metabolite analysis, are summarized and discussed. Automation of data acquisition and interpretation, special techniques and possible future trends are also the topics of the review.

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Section: Detection Of Metabolites and Determination Of The Site Of Bimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure ionization–mass spectrometry in drug metabolism studies

et al. 2003

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“…Recent observations by other groups are in agreement. 12,16,17 When the deflection step is omitted a spontaneous drift trajectory follows. Here the ion velocity in the beam direction is conserved leading to a drift trajectory that is inclined away from 90°.…”

Section: Orthogonal Acceleration Tofmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perfect Timing: Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry†

Guilhaus

Mlynski

Selby

1997

Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom.

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In the 1990s time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) has reestablished itself as a mainstream technique in mass spectrometry. There have been several developments which have contributed to this. The development of the technique of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), a pulsed ionization method, has provided a user-friendly, low-cost window on the high mass regime for the molecular biologist. The availability of high-speed computers has allowed efficient processing of TOF data on the microsecond time-scale. The emergence of practical ion optical approaches for space, time and velocity focusing have improved the resolving power and sensitivity of TOFMS far beyond its limited performance in previous decades. The technique of time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) has returned as a prominent mass analysis method. TOFMS can be advantageous compared to scanning technologies because of its 'unlimited' mass range, high speed and the potential for high duty factors (% of ions formed that are detected). Two important causes for the renewed activity in TOFMS can be identified: (i) The development of and need for new ionization methods capable of generating ions of structural significance from high molecular weight materials. In particular, developments in ion sources for molecular biology provide a strong driving force for TOFMS. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) 1 and electrospray ionization (ESI) 2 have been prominent in this regard. (ii) The facilitating technologies for TOFMS have advanced dramatically during the past decade. These include affordable pulsed lasers, nanosecond digitizers, focal plane detectors and microcomputing power.The convergence of the need for high mass analysis with the availability of the necessary technology has been perfectly timed. But the recent successes of TOFMS must equally be attributed to research directed at overcoming the physical limitations inherent in the TOFMS experiment. Dispersions in the initial position, time and velocity of the ion population severely limited the resolving power of early TOFMS instruments. Inefficient production, gating and detection of ion packets have, until recently, placed considerable constraints on the sensitivity of the TOF mass analyser. The need to form discrete packets of ions has provided a challenge in the coupling of continuous ion sources to TOFMS.The development of the ion mirror (or reflectron) 3 and the orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometer (oa-TOFMS) 4-6 have been key stages in the revival of TOFMS. FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO TOFMS RENAISSANCEThe simplicity of the physical principles of TOFMS underpin its current successes. The mass-velocity relationship for constant energy ions and the electrostatic force on a charge when combined with Newtonian mechanics provide the foundations of all TOFMS equations:force on a charge in an electric field F = ma Newton's second law a = Eq/m acceleration in a constant electric field where q = charge; V = electrical potential through which an ion having ch...

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“…capillary columns. These capabilities demonstrate that electrospray LC/MS will play a rapidly increasing role in monitoring our environment Future techniques in LC/MS will address improvements in sensitivity, specificity, analysis time and instrument cost In particular, time-of-flight MS (TOF-MS) (40)(41)(42)(43)(44) and ion trap MS (ITMS) (45)(46)(47)(48)(49) show particular promise, especially when coupled to the rapid and high resolution separation technique of capillary electrophoresis (CE) (50,51). Both TOF and ITMS offer the ability to sample a higher percentage of the ions generated (higher duty cycle), therefore improving signal levels.…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Liquid Chromatography—Mass Spectrometry for Environmental Analysis

Voyksner

1996

ACS Symposium Series

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Atmospheric pressure ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry with a supersonic ion beam

Cited by 57 publications

References 23 publications

Liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure ionization–mass spectrometry in drug metabolism studies

Liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure ionization–mass spectrometry in drug metabolism studies

Perfect Timing: Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry†

Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Liquid Chromatography—Mass Spectrometry for Environmental Analysis

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