Atmospheric pollutant deposition to high-elevation ecosystems

Lovett, Gary M.; Kinsman, John

doi:10.1016/0960-1686(90)90164-i

Cited by 196 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Snowpacks accrue during winter, and monthly streamflow generally peaks with April snowmelt. Bulk deposition of inorganic N averages about 7-8 kg N ha Ϫ1 y Ϫ1 in the southwestern WMNF (Likens and Bormann 1995;Campbell and others 2000), and deposition generally increases with elevation (Lovett and Kinsman 1990). Lovett and others (1982) measured an additional 35 kg ha -1 y Ϫ1 of cloud deposition of inorganic N to high-elevation (1220 m) balsam fir (Abies balsamea) forests on Mount Moosilauke.…”

Section: Study Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Unexpected Nitrate Decline in New Hampshire Streams

2003

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Section: Study Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Unexpected Nitrate Decline in New Hampshire Streams

2003

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“…The same information is presented in Table 7b 43 The variation in cloud water deposition with cloud frequency produces an elevational gradient in total chemical deposition. 43 A summary by Lovett and Kinsman 10 suggests that eastern United States sites at elevations below 1000 m receive less than 20% of total SO 4 2Ϫ deposition via cloud water, but sites above 1500 m receive 45-80% from cloud water. These estimates are in agreement with independent summaries by NAPAP 16,50 and with the MADPro results presented here.…”

Section: Cloud Water Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 Cloud water pollution deposition can be the dominant form of deposition to high-elevation forests, exceeding wet and dry deposition. 10 Two multisite, multiyear monitoring programs that focused on monitoring cloud chemistry were the Mountain Cloud Chemistry Program (MCCP) and the Chemistry of High Elevation Fog Project (CHEF). The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) MCCP, which collected and analyzed cloud water samples and estimated cloud deposition to the mountains of the eastern United States, operated from 1986 through 1989.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimates of Cloud Water Deposition at Mountain Acid Deposition Program Sites in the Appalachian Mountains

Baumgardner

Isil

Lavery

et al. 2003

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Cloud water deposition was estimated at three high-elevation sites in the Appalachian Mountains of the eastern United States (Whiteface Mountain, NY; Whitetop Mountain, VA; and Clingman's Dome, TN) from 1994 through 1999 as part of the Mountain Acid Deposition Program (MADPro). This paper provides a summary of cloud water chemistry, cloud liquid water content, cloud frequency, estimates of cloud water deposition of sulfur and nitrogen species, and estimates of total deposition of sulfur and nitrogen at these sites. Other cloud studies in the Appalachians and their comparison to MADPro are also summarized. Whiteface Mountain exhibited the lowest mean and median concentrations of sulfur and nitrogen ions in cloud water, while Clingman's Dome exhibited the highest mean and median concentrations. This geographic gradient is partly an effect of the different meteorological conditions experienced at northern versus southern sites in addition to the difference in pollution content of air masses reaching the sites. All sites measured seasonal cloud water deposition rates of SO 4 2Ϫ greater than 50 kg/ha and NO 3 Ϫ rates of greater than 25 kg/ha. These high-elevation sites experienced additional deposition loading of SO 4 2Ϫ and NO 3

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“…Several investigations have shown that the amount of cloudwater deposited onto forests increases with height due to increasing LWC, wind speed and the shift of the droplet spectrum to larger droplets (Lovett and Kinsman, 1990;Lin and Saxena, 1991). An attempt is presented to give an explanation for the presence of heavy metals even in marine clouds by considering the production mechanism of marine aerosol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical characterization of cloud episodes at a ridge site in Tuscan Appennines, Italy

Cini

Prodi

Santachiara

et al. 2002

Atmospheric Research

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Cloudwater samples were collected from November 1992 to March 1995 in Vallombrosa, a mountain site of the Tuscan Apennines (central Italy). Chemical analyses show that all examined inorganic ions contributed significantly to the total ionic content (TIC). The ratio SO 4 2 À /NO 4 À ranged from 0.92 to 3.46 and was > 1 for 86% of samples. There is a wide range in the chemical composition of the cloudwater. The total ionic content ranged from 640 to 7476 Aeq l À 1 and pH from 3.17 to 6.22. The liquid water content (LWC) ranged from 0.06 to 0.94 g m À 3 and electrical conductivity from 47 to 485 AV À 1 . The total ionic content decreases while the liquid water content increases. Also analyzed were soluble trace metals (Fe, Pb, Cu, Mn, Cd, Al), synthetic anionic surfactants and the methanesulphonic acid. Chemical analyses evidenced in some cases a high concentration of organic matter. The meteorological analysis for a few samples of individual passages was carried out for the possibility of establishing a correspondence between meteorological 0169-8095/02/$ -see front matter D 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PII: S 0 1 6 9 -8 0 9 5 ( 0 1 ) 0 0 1 3 9 -9

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Atmospheric pollutant deposition to high-elevation ecosystems

Cited by 196 publications

References 64 publications

An Unexpected Nitrate Decline in New Hampshire Streams

An Unexpected Nitrate Decline in New Hampshire Streams

Estimates of Cloud Water Deposition at Mountain Acid Deposition Program Sites in the Appalachian Mountains

Chemical characterization of cloud episodes at a ridge site in Tuscan Appennines, Italy

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