Estimates of Cloud Water Deposition at Mountain Acid Deposition Program Sites in the Appalachian Mountains

Baumgardner, Ralph E.; Isil, Selma S.; Lavery, Thomas F.; Rogers, Christopher M.; Mohnen, Volker A.

doi:10.1080/10473289.2003.10466153

Cited by 45 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…An omni-direction passive collector (Aleksic and Dukett, 2010) collected cloud water samples when the following conditions were met: cloud liquid water content > 0.05 g m −3 (to indicate the pres- August-September 2014 average values 32 ± 9 38 ± 12 9 ± 8 7 ± 3 2 ± 1 11 ± 2 1.6 ± 0.5 66 ± 11 4.8 ± 0.1 3. (Baumgardner et al, 2003). Average August-September values from 2010 to 2015 are presented in Table S1 in the Supplement, and the data can be accessed at http://www.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Whiteface Mountain cloud water is more acidic than rainwater, with higher sulfate and nitrate concentrations (Aleksic et al, 2009), which are attributed to fossil fuel combustion (Dukett et al, 2011). Cloud deposition of total soluble sulfur accounts for 80-90 % of total sulfur deposition during June-September (Baumgardner et al, 2003). The cloud water samples were analyzed by electrospray ionization (ESI) coupled to Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS) in negative ion mode to characterize high molecular weight oxidized organic compounds.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Biogenic, urban, and wildfire influences on the molecular composition of dissolved organic compounds in cloud water

Cook¹,

Lin²,

Peng³

et al. 2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Organic aerosol formation and transformation occurs within aqueous aerosol and cloud droplets, yet little is known about the composition of high molecular weight organic compounds in cloud water. Cloud water samples collected at Whiteface Mountain, New York, during AugustSeptember 2014 were analyzed by ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry to investigate the molecular composition of dissolved organic carbon, with a focus on sulfur-and nitrogen-containing compounds. Organic molecular composition was evaluated in the context of cloud water inorganic ion concentrations, pH, and total organic carbon concentrations to gain insights into the sources and aqueous-phase processes of the observed high molecular weight organic compounds. Cloud water acidity was positively correlated with the average oxygen : carbon ratio of the organic constituents, suggesting the possibility for aqueous acid-catalyzed (prior to cloud droplet activation or during/after cloud droplet evaporation) and/or radical (within cloud droplets) oxidation processes. Many tracer compounds recently identified in laboratory studies of bulk aqueous-phase reactions were identified in the cloud water. Organosulfate compounds, with both biogenic and anthropogenic volatile organic compound precursors, were detected for cloud water samples influenced by air masses that had traveled over forested and populated areas. Oxidation products of long-chain (C 10−12 ) alkane precursors were detected during urban influence. Influence of Canadian wildfires resulted in increased numbers of identified sulfur-containing compounds and oligomeric species, including those formed through aqueous-phase reactions involving methylglyoxal. Light-absorbing aqueous-phase products of syringol and guaiacol oxidation were observed in the wildfire-influenced samples, and dinitroaromatic compounds were observed in all cloud water samples (wildfire, biogenic, and urban-influenced). Overall, the cloud water molecular composition depended on air mass source influence and reflected aqueous-phase reactions involving biogenic, urban, and biomass burning precursors.

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Biogenic, urban, and wildfire influences on the molecular composition of dissolved organic compounds in cloud water

Cook¹,

Lin²,

Peng³

et al. 2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…Cloud deposition has been shown to be the dominant contribution to the total (cloud plus precipitation plus dry) deposition at Whiteface (Baumgardner et al, 2003), providing 80-90% of the total soluble sulfur deposition at this site for the June through September period. A more recent study (Aleksic et al, 2009) estimated that summer cloud deposition of major ions at the Whiteface summit site was 14 to 28 times higher than the summer rain deposition at the lower elevation Marble Mountain Lodge site.…”

Section: Cloud Chemistry At Whiteface Summitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Chemistry Measurements at Whiteface Mountain, NY: Cloud Water Chemistry, Precipitation Chemistry, and Particulate Matter

Schwab

Casson

Brandt

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Long-term records of condensed-phase chemical data are presented from the Adirondack Mountain region of northern New York, USA. These data records are particularly valuable due to the combinations of aerosol, cloud, and precipitation measurements. Objectives of the research and this overview paper include the evaluation of emission reductions of regulated air pollutants and the observed effects on measured deposition, as well as the implications of changing pollutant concentration levels on human health and climate. Summer season cloud chemistry and year-round wet deposition and particulate matter data from two stations on Whiteface Mountain are presented to highlight some of the research and monitoring activities at this mountain location. Clear decreases in the anion concentrations and increases in pH over the past two decades have been observed in cloud and precipitation results. Large decreases in aerosol sulfate (> 80%) and aerosol optical black carbon (> 60%) have been observed for these species over the nearly 40 year summit observatory data record for these measurements, and decreases in PM 2.5 mass, sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium have also been recorded over the shorter 15 year period of measurement at the Marble Mountain Lodge level. The studies cited here highlight some of the past successes of air pollution regulation under the Clean Air Act and Amendments and pave the way for future progress in reducing air pollution.

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“…The wet removal influences the long-range transport of aerosols and their effects on the environment Driscoll et al, 2001;Andronache 2004;Butler et al, 2005;Civerolo et al, 2010). Numerous studies at mountain sites in Eastern US were enhanced by additional data collection and documented the detailed behaviour of precipitation chemistry and its impact on high elevation ecosystems (Lynch et al, 2000;Walker et al, 2000;Driscoll et al, 2001;Collett et al, 2002;Sickles and Grimm, 2003;Baumgardner et al, 2003;Driscoll et al, 2003;Schwab et al, 2004;Butler et al, 2005;Lehmann et al, 2005;Anderson et al, 2006;Fisher et al, 2007;Civerolo et al, 2010). Many previous studies reported wet deposition results aggregated on a weekly, monthly or annual basis, suitable for robust long-term trend characterization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Observations in mountain areas can provide insight into: a) long-range transport of air pollutants; b) impact of acid rain on alpine forests and their response to pollution; c) fog scavenging and aerosol removal from direct cloud impact with terrain slopes; d) role of orographic convection and its effects on precipitation; e) heterogeneous ice nucleation of various aerosol types (Wrzesinsky and Klemm, 2000;Avila and Rodà, 2002;Igawa et al, 2002;Thalmann et al, 2002;Baumgardner et al, 2003;Burkard et al, 2003;Bayraktar and Turalioglu, 2005;Kim et al, 2006;Fischer et al, 2007;Budhavant et al, 2009;Calvo et al, 2012;Pawar et al, 2012;Hallar et al, 2013;Li et al, 2014;Conen et al, 2015;Weiss-Penzias et al, 2015;Sarkar et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dependence of Daily Aerosol Wet Deposition on Precipitation at Appalachian Mountains Site in the United States

Andronache

2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The wet removal of airborne particulates is a significant component of atmospheric deposition in the Eastern United States. This study analyzed the daily wet deposition of major ions at the Canaan Valley site in Appalachian Mountains in Eastern US, for the time interval 2000-2014. The site is part of the Atmospheric Integrated Research Monitoring Network (AIRMoN), and is significantly impacted by acid precipitation, caused largely by anthropogenic sources of SO 2 and NO x . Results show that the precipitation rate, R, varies mainly in the interval [0.01-100] mm day -1 , and the daily wet deposition flux, F, varies about two orders of magnitude for most ions. The largest daily wet depositions are for SO 4 2-and NO 3 -with extreme values over 30 mg m -2 day -1 . In the case of NH 4 + , the largest daily wet depositions are over 10 mg m -2 day -1 . Seasonal variations are illustrated by contrasting the winter and summer. In general, there are much larger daily wet deposition fluxes in summer than in winter. For SO 4 2-there is more conversion of SO 2 to SO 4 2-in the gas phase and in cloud droplets during summer. Similarly, NH 4 + has a distinct seasonal variation with a maximum in summer, consistent with larger sources of NH 3 during the growth season. NO 3 -has a maximum concentration in precipitation during winter, and a maximum daily wet deposition flux during summer, especially during the most intense rain events. The Na + and Clions have the highest wet deposition in winter due to storms that bring air masses from Atlantic. Analysis shows that precipitation events are more frequent and more intense in summer than in winter. For the Canaan Valley, the summer precipitation events are effective in wet removal of aerosols providing episodes with some of the highest rates of acid deposition.

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Estimates of Cloud Water Deposition at Mountain Acid Deposition Program Sites in the Appalachian Mountains

Cited by 45 publications

References 38 publications

Biogenic, urban, and wildfire influences on the molecular composition of dissolved organic compounds in cloud water

Biogenic, urban, and wildfire influences on the molecular composition of dissolved organic compounds in cloud water

Atmospheric Chemistry Measurements at Whiteface Mountain, NY: Cloud Water Chemistry, Precipitation Chemistry, and Particulate Matter

Dependence of Daily Aerosol Wet Deposition on Precipitation at Appalachian Mountains Site in the United States

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