Atmospheric nitrogen deposition in south-east Scotland: Quantification of the organic nitrogen fraction in wet, dry and bulk deposition

Benítez, Juan M. González; Cape, J. N.; Heal, Mathew R.; Dijk, Netty van; Díez, Alberto Vidal

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.04.061

Cited by 50 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The amount of organic N as a proportion of total N (inorganic + organic N) N deposition has been found to be about a third in mostly rural locations across 160 studies worldwide and 58 studies in North America (29% and 35%, respectively; Cornell, ). A similar proportion of organic N in total deposition has also been found in urban areas in studies around the world (Araujo et al, ; Chen et al, ; de Souza et al, ; González‐Benitez et al, ; He et al, ; Izquieta‐Rojano et al, ; Li et al, ; Matsumoto et al, ). There have been a handful of studies in the U.S. measuring organic N deposition in small towns in Connecticut and North Carolina, in winter precipitation in Salt Lake City, Utah and in Miami, Florida; four of these studies either do not report organic N deposition rates or do not report organic rates in the urban sites individually, and the others report the percentage of organic N in total N as below 20% (Brezonik et al, ; Hall et al, ; Keene et al, ; Luo et al, ; Nadim et al, ; Zamora et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…Studies dating back over 100 years have shown organic N to be a substantial component of N deposited in rainwater (Miller, ), and others have shown dry deposition to be an important source of organic N (González‐Benitez et al, ; Matsumoto et al, ). Organic N includes a variety of molecules (e.g., urea, amines, and peptides) found in aqueous, particulate, and gaseous phases with a range of solubility and reactivity (Cape et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Atmospheric Inputs of Nitrogen, Carbon, and Phosphorus across an Urban Area: Unaccounted Fluxes and Canopy Influences

2018

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Rates of atmospheric deposition are declining across the United States, yet urban areas remain hotspots of atmospheric deposition. While past studies show elevated rates of inorganic nitrogen (N) deposition in cities, less is known about atmospheric inputs of organic N, organic carbon (C), and organic and inorganic phosphorus (P), all of which can affect ecosystem processes, water quality, and air quality. Further, the effect of the tree canopy on amounts and forms of nutrients reaching urban ground surfaces is not well‐characterized. We measured growing season rates of total N, organic C, and total P in bulk atmospheric inputs, throughfall, and soil solution around the greater Boston area. We found that organic N constitutes a third of total N inputs, organic C inputs are comparable to rural inputs, and inorganic P inputs are 1.2 times higher than those in sewage effluent. Atmospheric inputs are enhanced two‐to‐eight times in late spring and are elevated beneath tree canopies, suggesting that trees augment atmospheric inputs to ground surfaces. Additionally, throughfall inputs may directly enter runoff when trees extend above impervious surfaces, as is the case with 26.1% of Boston's tree canopy. Our results indicate that the urban atmosphere is a significant source of elemental inputs that may impact urban ecosystems and efforts to improve water quality, particularly in terms of P. Further, as cities create policies encouraging tree planting to provide ecosystem services, locating trees above permeable surfaces to reduce runoff nutrient loads may be essential to managing urban biogeochemical cycling and water quality.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Inputs of Nitrogen, Carbon, and Phosphorus across an Urban Area: Unaccounted Fluxes and Canopy Influences

2018

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“…Aboveground standing biomass and net annual primary productivity (ANPP) were determined between April and October 2009 according to Vile et al [2006]. We also estimated N deposition at each of the sites from NEGTAP (Transboundary air pollution: Acidification, eutrophication and ground‐level ozone in the UK, 2001, http://www.freshwaters.org.uk/resources/documents/negtap_2001_final_report.pdf, accessed 04/03/11), with a 23% increase to account for organic N deposition [ González Benítez et al , 2009]. Details are provided in Table 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid peptide metabolism: A major component of soil nitrogen cycling?

Farrell¹,

Hill

Wanniarachchi

et al. 2011

Global Biogeochem. Cycles

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[1] Proteinaceous and peptidic nitrogen is a potential direct nutrient source for both plants and microbes in the soil, without prior degradation to amino acids and mineralization. We used a series of five sites along an elevation gradient from 15 m a.s.l. to 710 m a.s.l. along which primary productivity decreases to investigate peptide utilization rates by soil microbes. Using 14 C-labeled L-alanine, L-dialanine, and L-trialanine in a series of incubation experiments, we show that peptides are directly and rapidly assimilated by soil microbes, and that they are utilized for both biomass production and respiration. Alanine, dialanine, and trialanine were mineralized rapidly by soil microbes from the five sites along the gradient. Across all five sites, dialanine and trialanine were mineralized faster than alanine. In competition experiments, a 100-fold excess of alanine had no effect on the rate of trialanine mineralization in four of the five sites, and the same excess of trialanine had no effect on alanine mineralization. This is indicative of uptake of the intact peptide by the soil microbial community. Our findings have implications for understanding terrestrial nitrogen cycling because they point to a short-circuit whereby large peptides and proteins need only be extracellularly cleaved to short chain length peptides before direct assimilation by microbes.

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“…The average contribution of ON to total nitrogen deposition to coastal water is 30%–40% [ Duce , 1998]. The impact of ON on the marine ecosystem depends on the sources, composition and abundance, however, not much is known [ Cornell et al , 2003; Nakamura et al , 2006; González Benítez et al , 2009].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources, compositions, and distributions of water‐soluble organic nitrogen in aerosols over the China Sea

Shi¹,

Gao²,

Qi³

et al. 2010

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] Particulate water-soluble organic nitrogen (ON) was measured over the South China Sea, the Yellow Sea and at a coastal site at Qingdao in spring 2005 and 2006 to study its impact on the oceanic ecosystem over the China sea. ON contributed ∼30% of the total water-soluble particulate nitrogen over the South China Sea and ∼20% over the Yellow Sea and in Qingdao. More than 70% of the ON existed in the fine mode particles (<2.1 mm). During dust-storm events, ON in the coarse particles (>2.1 mm) increased leading to an increase of that in total suspended particulates (TSP). Factor analysis indicated that ON mainly originated from anthropogenic sources while a relatively small amount was from marine and crustal sources. Urea, on the average, represented ∼8% of the total ON over the marginal sea of China. In the non-dust aerosols, ∼50% of urea existed in the fine mode over the Yellow Sea and Qingdao, but the percentage decreased to ∼30% in the dust aerosols. Free amino acids were generally a minor component of the ON, only accounting for ∼1% of the total ON.

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Atmospheric nitrogen deposition in south-east Scotland: Quantification of the organic nitrogen fraction in wet, dry and bulk deposition

Cited by 50 publications

References 27 publications

Atmospheric Inputs of Nitrogen, Carbon, and Phosphorus across an Urban Area: Unaccounted Fluxes and Canopy Influences

Atmospheric Inputs of Nitrogen, Carbon, and Phosphorus across an Urban Area: Unaccounted Fluxes and Canopy Influences

Rapid peptide metabolism: A major component of soil nitrogen cycling?

Sources, compositions, and distributions of water‐soluble organic nitrogen in aerosols over the China Sea

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