Atmospheric N- and S-fluxes to a spruce forest—Comparison of inferential modelling and the throughfall method

Zimmermann, Frank; Pleßow, Kirsten; Queck, Ronald; Bernhofer, Christian; Matschullat, Jörg

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.03.056

Cited by 46 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…Additionally, the ratio of dry to wet deposition compares very well with this study. Occult deposition was only measured in two studies and the importance of this deposition pathway at our site was stressed (Zimmermann et al, 2006;Klemm and Wrzesinsky, 2007). All of the studies, with which we compared our results, were conducted above/in spruce forest.…”

Section: Deposition Of Reactive Nitrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exchange of reactive nitrogen compounds: concentrations and fluxes of total ammonium and total nitrate above a spruce canopy

et al. 2010

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Abstract. Total ammonium (tot-NH3 ) measured at two levels. Gaseous species and related particulate compounds were measured selectively, simultaneously and continuously above a spruce forest canopy in south-eastern Germany in summer 2007. Measurements were performed using a wetchemical two-point gradient instrument, the GRAEGOR. Median concentrations of NH 3 , HNO 3 , NH + 4 , and NO − 3 were 0.57, 0.12, 0.76, and 0.48 µg m −3 , respectively. Total ammonium and total nitrate fluxes showed large variations depending on meteorological conditions, with concentrations close to zero under humid and cool conditions and higher concentrations under dry conditions. Mean fluxes of total ammonium and total nitrate in September 2007 were directed towards the forest canopy and were −65.77 ng m −2 s −1 and −41.02 ng m −2 s −1 (in terms of nitrogen), respectively. Their deposition was controlled by aerodynamic resistances only, with very little influence of surface resistances. Including measurements of wet deposition and findings of former studies on occult deposition (fog water interception) at the study site, the total N deposition in September 2007 was estimated to 5.86 kg ha −1 .

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Section: Deposition Of Reactive Nitrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exchange of reactive nitrogen compounds: concentrations and fluxes of total ammonium and total nitrate above a spruce canopy

et al. 2010

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“…Most of the existing R c model variants, alongside specific innovations, actually borrowed model parts and parameterizations from other models, e.g. PLant ATmosphere INteractions (PLATIN, Grünhage and Haenel, 1997), drawing on Wesely (1989), Sutton et al (1995b) and DEPAC; or SPRUCE forest DEPosition (SPRUCEDEP, Zimmermann et al, 2006), drawing on PLATIN, Wesely (1989), DEPAC, EMEP and AURAMS.…”

Section: Canopy Resistance (R C ) Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Models may also be used to fill gaps in measured flux time series in order to provide seasonal or annual NH 3 exchange budgets . In the absence of measured fluxes, but based on local meteorology and measured ambient concentrations at given sites, inferential modelling provides NH 3 flux estimates for individual ecosystems (Smith et al, 2000;Zimmermann et al, 2006;Walker et al, 2008;Zhang et al, 2009;Flechard et al, 2011). At larger (landscape, regional, global) scales, surface/atmosphere schemes are parameterized for different land uses and embedded within modelling contexts that encompass the whole cycle (from an Earth-Atmosphere-Earth perspective) of emission, dispersion, transport, chemistry and deposition (van Pul et al, 2009;Asman et al, 1998).…”

Section: Requirements For Different Ammonia Exchange Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in understanding, models and parameterizations of biosphere-atmosphere ammonia exchange

et al. 2013

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Atmospheric ammonia (NH₃) dominates global emissions of total reactive nitrogen (N_r), while emissions from agricultural production systems contribute about two-thirds of global NH₃ emissions; the remaining third emanates from oceans, natural vegetation, humans, wild animals and biomass burning. On land, NH₃ emitted from the various sources eventually returns to the biosphere by dry deposition to sink areas, predominantly semi-natural vegetation, and by wet and dry deposition as ammonium (NH₄⁺) to all surfaces. However, the land/atmosphere exchange of gaseous NH₃ is in fact bi-directional over unfertilized as well as fertilized ecosystems, with periods and areas of emission and deposition alternating in time (diurnal, seasonal) and space (patchwork landscapes). The exchange is controlled by a range of environmental factors, including meteorology, surface layer turbulence, thermodynamics, air and surface heterogeneous-phase chemistry, canopy geometry, plant development stage, leaf age, organic matter decomposition, soil microbial turnover, and, in agricultural systems, by fertilizer application rate, fertilizer type, soil type, crop type, and agricultural management practices. We review the range of processes controlling NH₃ emission and uptake in the different parts of the soil-canopy-atmosphere continuum, with NH₃ emission potentials defined at the substrate and leaf levels by different [NH₄⁺] / [H⁺] ratios (Γ). Surface/atmosphere exchange models for NH₃ are necessary to compute the temporal and spatial patterns of emissions and deposition at the soil, plant, field, landscape, regional and global scales, in order to assess the multiple environmental impacts of airborne and deposited NH₃ and NH₄⁺. Models of soil/vegetation/atmosphere NH₃ exchange are reviewed from the substrate and leaf scales to the global scale. They range from simple steady-state, "big leaf" canopy resistance models, to dynamic, multi-layer, multi-process, multi-chemical species schemes. Their level of complexity depends on their purpose, the spatial scale at which they are applied, the current level of parameterization, and the availability of the input data they require. State-of-the-art solutions for determining the emission/sink Γ potentials through the soil/canopy system include coupled, interactive chemical transport models (CTM) and soil/ecosystem modelling at the regional scale. However, it remains a matter for debate to what extent realistic options for future regional and global models should be based on process-based mechanistic versus empirical and regression-type models. Further discussion is needed on the extent and timescale by which new approaches can be used, such as integration with ecosystem models and satellite observations

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“…Their data were accurately obtained as the additional SO 4 2− deposition in throughfall. Zimmermann et al (2006) also reported an increase in the deposition velocity of NH 3 by codeposition with SO 2 in a Norway spruce forest. Therefore, the codeposition of the emitted NH 3 with SO 2 seemed to increase both the particulate NH 4 + and SO 4 2− concentrations at the research site.…”

Section: Nh 3 Emission In the Snowless Seasonmentioning

confidence: 93%

Ammonia Emission from a Young Larch Ecosystem Afforested after Clear-Cutting of a Pristine Forest in Northernmost Japan

Hayashi

Takagi

Noguchi

et al. 2008

Water Air Soil Pollut

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The present study aimed to elucidate the atmosphere-forest exchange of ammoniacal nitrogen (NH X -N) at a young larch ecosystem. NH X -N exchanges were measured at a remote site in northernmost Japan where 4-year-old larches were growing after a pristine forest had been clear-cut and subsequent dense dwarf bamboo (Sasa) had been strip-cut. The site was a clean area for atmospheric ammonia with mean concentrations of 0.38 and 0.11 μg N m

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Atmospheric N- and S-fluxes to a spruce forest—Comparison of inferential modelling and the throughfall method

Cited by 46 publications

References 84 publications

Exchange of reactive nitrogen compounds: concentrations and fluxes of total ammonium and total nitrate above a spruce canopy

Exchange of reactive nitrogen compounds: concentrations and fluxes of total ammonium and total nitrate above a spruce canopy

Advances in understanding, models and parameterizations of biosphere-atmosphere ammonia exchange

Ammonia Emission from a Young Larch Ecosystem Afforested after Clear-Cutting of a Pristine Forest in Northernmost Japan

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