Ammonia Emission from a Young Larch Ecosystem Afforested after Clear-Cutting of a Pristine Forest in Northernmost Japan

Hayashi, Kentaro; Takagi, Kentaro; Noguchi, Izumi; Fukuzawa, Karibu; Takahashi, Hiroyuki; Fukazawa, Tatsuya; Shibata, Hideaki; Fujinuma, Yasumi

doi:10.1007/s11270-008-9891-9

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(35 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The daytime and nighttime means of PM2.5 ammonium concentration (27 m height) were 0.53±0.52 and 0.57±0.61 μg N m -3 , respectively ( Table 1). The daily mean PM2.5 ammonium concentration at the study site (0.55 μg N m -3 , 27 m height) was lower than the 3-year mean at a Norway spruce forest in a forested rural area in Saxony, Germany (1.2 μg N m -3 ; Zimmermann et al, 2006), but it was higher than the 2-year mean of a snowless season at a young larch forest in northernmost Hokkaido, Japan (0.29 μg N m -3 , 30 m height; Hayashi et al, 2009a). Fig.…”

Section: Air Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…The daily mean NH 3 concentration at the study site (0.50 μg N m -3 , 27 m height) was much lower than those found in some forests affected by NH 3 -rich air, e.g., the 2-year mean at a Douglas fir forest in The Netherlands (4.3 μg N m -3 ; Wyers and Erisman, 1998) and the summer-mean at a montane-subalpine forest in Colorado, USA (3.4 μg N m -3 ; Langford and Fehsen- feld, 1992), whereas it was similar to those of some rural forests, e.g., two field campaigns conducted in spring at a secondary broadleaf forest occasionally affected by animal husbandry activities in Indiana, USA (0.5-1.0 μg N m -3 ; Pryor et al, 2001), the 5year mean at a Norway spruce forest surrounded by agricultural lands in western Jutland, Denmark (0.66 μg N m -3 ; Andersen et al, 1999), and the 3-year mean at a Norway spruce forest in a forested rural area in Saxony, Germany (0.44 μg N m -3 ; Zimmermann et al, 2006). However, the daily mean NH 3 concentration was higher than that in fairly remote forests, e.g., the 2-year mean of a snowless season at a young larch forest in northernmost Hokkaido, Japan (0.31 μg N m -3 , 30 m height; Hayashi et al, 2009a) and the summer-mean at a remote hardwood forest in central USA (0.17 μg N m -3 ; . The site of the present study had the characteristics of a forested rural area with respect to its summer-mean NH 3 concentration, although the site was a subalpine forest affected little by direct human activities.…”

Section: Air Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the Forest A forest can emit NH 3 from stomata, leaf surfaces, and soil surfaces (Hayashi et al, 2009a;Neirynck and Ceulemans, 2008;Andersen et al, 1999;Wyers and Erisman, 1998;. A forest in which trees and the understory are cut can also emit NH 3 as a result of the decomposition of fresh organic matter (Hayashi et al, 2009a) in addition to volatilization after nitrogen fertilization. However, the study forest was a natural forest and thus not under management.…”

Section: Nh 3 Emission From and Deposition Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of studies regarding the atmosphere-forest exchange of NH x have been conducted in North America and Europe. By contrast, little information is available pertaining to East Asia, including Japan, except for several field studies (e.g., Hayashi et al, 2009a). The project of Impacts of Aerosols in East Asia on Plants and Human Health (ASEPH) was launched in 2008.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Atmosphere-forest Exchange of Ammoniacal Nitrogen in a Subalpine Deciduous Forest in Central Japan during a Summer Week

Hayashi¹,

Matsuda²,

Takahashi³

et al. 2011

Asian J. Atmos. Environ

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The present study aimed to investigate the diurnal variations in air concentrations and exchange fluxes of ammoniacal nitrogen (NH x : ammonia (NH 3) and particulate ammonium) in a subalpine deciduous forest in central Japan during a week in summer. The NH 3 concentrations (0.50 μg N m-3 on average) showed a clear circadian variation, i.e., high and low in the daytime and nighttime, respectively. The concentration of particulate ammonium in the coarse fractions was extremely low, whereas that for the PM2.5 fraction was relatively high (0.55 μg N m-3 on average). The main inorganic ion components of PM2.5 at the study site were ammonium and sulfate. The exchange fluxes of NH x were bidirectional. Both the maximum and minimum values occurred in the daytime, i.e., 0.39 mg N m-2 hr-1 of downward flux and 0.11 mg N m-2 hr-1 of upward flux for NH 3 and 0.25 mg N m-2 hr-1 of downward flux and 0.13 mg N m-2 hr-1 of upward flux for PM2.5 ammonium. The exchange fluxes of NH x at night could be considered as zero. The mean deposition velocity during the research period was almost zero for both NH 3 and PM2.5 ammonium. The atmosphere-forest exchange of NH x in the forest during the study period was balanced. The remarkably large deposition of NH x was attributable to meteorological events such as showers the night before that thoroughly washed the forest canopy and subsequent clear skies in the morning, which enhanced convection. The cleaning effect of rainfall and the rapid change in convection in the early morning should be monitored to evaluate and generalize the gas and particle exchange in a forest.

show abstract

Section: Air Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Air Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nh 3 Emission From and Deposition Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Atmosphere-forest Exchange of Ammoniacal Nitrogen in a Subalpine Deciduous Forest in Central Japan during a Summer Week

Hayashi¹,

Matsuda²,

Takahashi³

et al. 2011

Asian J. Atmos. Environ

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“… Source: 1, Hayashi et al. (2006b); 2, Network center of EANET; 3, Ministry of the Environment (2009); 4, Hayashi et al. (2009c); 5, Kamisako et al.…”

Section: Current Status In Japanese and Chinese Agroecosystemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne nitrogen load in Japanese and Chinese agroecosystems

Hayashi¹,

Yan²

2010

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The objective of this review is to make current knowledge on the nitrogen (N) load throughout the atmosphere (airborne N load) available to readers, with special emphasis on Japanese and Chinese agroecosystems. Key species of airborne N are ammonia, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxide, nitric acid, nitrous acid and particulate ammonium and nitrate. Organic N also exists in the atmosphere. The main processes in terms of the airborne N load involve emission, atmospheric transportation and transformation, atmospheric deposition and environmental impacts. Agricultural activities are the largest emitters of ammonia through emissions mainly from livestock waste and field-applied N fertilizers. The ammonia emissions in China in 1995 from chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers, such as animal excreta, were estimated to be 3.56 and 2.04 Tg N year , respectively. The most fundamental causes of the airborne N load in relation to Japanese and Chinese agriculture were intensive livestock farming in Japan and over use of N fertilizers in China. However, agroecosystems are also a sink for airborne N. Atmospheric N deposition was up to 20 and 60 kg N ha )1 year )1 in Japan and China, respectively. The unrelenting load of airborne N continues in Japan and China. The development of a simple, but accurate method to determine the dry deposition flux that is applicable to simultaneous and multipoint observations would be valuable. The establishment of cross relationships among in situ observations, remote sensing and numerical modeling is also needed to cope with the issue by assessing the actual status, predicting the future status and working out effective measures.

show abstract

Effects of field-applied composted cattle manure and chemical fertilizer on ammonia and particulate ammonium exchanges at an upland field

Hayashi

Koga

Yanai

2009

Atmospheric Environment

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ammonia Emission from a Young Larch Ecosystem Afforested after Clear-Cutting of a Pristine Forest in Northernmost Japan

Cited by 7 publications

References 37 publications

Atmosphere-forest Exchange of Ammoniacal Nitrogen in a Subalpine Deciduous Forest in Central Japan during a Summer Week

Atmosphere-forest Exchange of Ammoniacal Nitrogen in a Subalpine Deciduous Forest in Central Japan during a Summer Week

Airborne nitrogen load in Japanese and Chinese agroecosystems

Effects of field-applied composted cattle manure and chemical fertilizer on ammonia and particulate ammonium exchanges at an upland field

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About