Atmospheric chemistry and environmental impact of the use of amines in carbon capture and storage (CCS)

Nielsen, Claus J.; Herrmann, Hartmut; Weller, Christian E.

doi:10.1039/c2cs35059a

Cited by 312 publications

(454 citation statements)

References 124 publications

(162 reference statements)

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“…33 Release associated with their use in CO 2 capture and storage could become more important as this technology becomes more widely adopted. [33][34][35] Although atmospheric concentrations of amines are typically parts per trillion (ppt), one or more orders of magnitude less than NH 3 , amine concentrations near animal husbandry operations can be up to several parts per billion (ppb). [36][37][38][39][40] Amongst over 150 amines that have been identified in the atmosphere, 33 trimethylamine (TMA, (CH 3 ) 3 N) is one of the most abundant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New particle formation and growth from methanesulfonic acid, trimethylamine and water

Chen

Ezell

Arquero

et al. 2015

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

110

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New particle formation from gas-to-particle conversion represents a dominant source of atmospheric particles and affects radiative forcing, climate and human health. The species involved in new particle formation and the underlying mechanisms remain uncertain. Although sulfuric acid is commonly recognized as driving new particle formation, increasing evidence suggests the involvement of other species. Here we study particle formation and growth from methanesulfonic acid, trimethylamine and water at reaction times from 2.3 to 32 s where particles are 2-10 nm in diameter using a newly designed and tested flow system. The flow system has multiple inlets to facilitate changing the mixing sequence of gaseous precursors. The relative humidity and precursor concentrations, as well as the mixing sequence, are varied to explore their effects on particle formation and growth in order to provide insight into the important mechanistic steps. We show that water is involved in the formation of initial clusters, greatly enhancing their formation as well as growth into detectable size ranges. A kinetics box model is developed that quantitatively reproduces the experimental data under various conditions. Although the proposed scheme is not definitive, it suggests that incorporating such mechanisms into atmospheric models may be feasible in the near future.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New particle formation and growth from methanesulfonic acid, trimethylamine and water

Chen

Ezell

Arquero

et al. 2015

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

110

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“…62 The lifetimes of alkylamines exposed to ozone in the gas phase usually vary from a few hours to several days. 68 Although oxidized by OH is the dominant degradation path for amines, oxidation by O 3 may also be a degradation path for amines in the atmosphere. For example, the lifetimes of TEA, DEA, TMA, and DMA are in the range of 4.8−278 h under the typical tropospheric ozone concentration (7 × 10 11 molecules cm −3 ).…”

Section: ■ Atmospheric Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ozonolysis of Trimethylamine Exchanged with Typical Ammonium Salts in the Particle Phase

Chu

et al. 2016

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Alkylamines contribute to both new particle formation and brown carbon. The toxicity of particle-phase amines is of great concern in the atmospheric chemistry community. Degradation of particulate amines may lead to secondary products in the particle phase, which are associated with changes in the adverse health impacts of aerosols. In this study, O 3 oxidation of particulate trimethylamine (TMA) formed via heterogeneous uptake of TMA by (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , NH 4 HSO 4 , NH 4 NO 3 and NH 4 Cl, was investigated with in situ attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS). HCOOH, HCHO, CH 3 NCH 2 , (CH 3 ) 2 NCHO, CH 3 NO 2 , CH 3 N(OH)CHO, CH 3 NHOH and H 2 O were identified as products on all the substrates based upon IR (one-dimensional IR and two-dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy), quantum chemical calculation and PTR-MS results. A reaction mechanism was proposed to explain the observed products. This work demonstrates that oxidation might be a degradation pathway of particulate amines in the atmosphere. This will aid in understanding the fate of particulate amines formed by nucleation and heterogeneous uptake and their potential health impacts during atmospheric aging.

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“…The results reported here show that the uncertainty is even greater than previously thought, because extremely low amine emissions-which have substantial anthropogenic sources and have not hitherto been considered by the IPCC-have a large influence on the nucleation of sulphuric acid particles. Moreover, amine scrubbing is likely to become the dominant technology for CO 2 capture from fossil-fuelled power plants, so anthropogenic amine emissions are expected to increase in the future 30 . If amine emissions were to spread into pristine regions of the boundary layer where they could switch on nucleation, substantial increases in regional and global cloud condensation nuclei could occur.…”

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confidence: 99%

Molecular understanding of sulphuric acid–amine particle nucleation in the atmosphere

Almeida

Schobesberger

Kürten

et al. 2013

Nature

835

1,107

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Nucleation of aerosol particles from trace atmospheric vapours is thought to provide up to half of global cloud condensation nuclei 1 . Aerosols can cause a net cooling of climate by scattering sunlight and by leading to smaller but more numerous cloud droplets, which makes clouds brighter and extends their lifetimes 2 . Atmospheric aerosols derived from human activities are thought to have compensated for a large fraction of the warming caused by greenhouse gases 2 . However, despite its importance for climate, atmospheric nucleation is poorly understood. Recently, it has been shown that sulphuric acid and ammonia cannot explain particle formation rates observed in the lower atmosphere 3 . It is thought that amines may enhance nucleation 4-16 , but until now there has been no direct evidence for amine ternary nucleation under atmospheric conditions. Here we use the CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets) chamber at CERN and find that dimethylamine above three parts per trillion by volume can enhance particle formation rates more than 1,000-fold compared with ammonia, sufficient to account for the particle formation rates observed in the atmosphere. Molecular analysis of the clusters reveals that the faster nucleation is explained by a base-stabilization mechanism involving acid-amine pairs, which strongly decrease evaporation. The ion-induced contribution is generally small, reflecting the high stability of sulphuric acid-dimethylamine clusters and indicating that galactic cosmic rays exert only a small influence on their formation, except at low overall formation rates. Our experimental measurements are well reproduced by a dynamical model based on quantum chemical calculations of binding energies of molecular clusters, without any fitted parameters. These results show that, in regions of the atmosphere near amine sources, both amines and sulphur dioxide should be considered when assessing the impact of anthropogenic activities on particle formation.The primary vapour responsible for atmospheric nucleation is thought to be sulphuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ), derived from the oxidation of sulphur dioxide. However, peak daytime H 2 SO 4 concentrations in the atmospheric boundary layer are about 10 6 to 3 3 10 7 cm 23 (0.04-1.2 parts per trillion by volume (p.p.t.v.)), which results in negligible binary homogeneous nucleation of H 2 SO 4 -H 2 O (ref. 3). Additional species such as ammonia or amines 4,5 are therefore necessary to stabilize the embryonic clusters and decrease evaporation. However, ammonia cannot account for particle formation rates observed in the boundary layer 3 and, despite numerous field and laboratory studies [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] , amine ternary nucleation has not yet been observed under atmospheric conditions. Amine emissions are dominated by anthropogenic activities (mainly animal husbandry), but about 30% of emissions are thought to arise from the breakdown of organic matter in the oceans, and 20% from biomass burning and soil 8,17 . Atmospheric measurements of gasphase amines ...

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Atmospheric chemistry and environmental impact of the use of amines in carbon capture and storage (CCS)

Cited by 312 publications

References 124 publications

New particle formation and growth from methanesulfonic acid, trimethylamine and water

New particle formation and growth from methanesulfonic acid, trimethylamine and water

Ozonolysis of Trimethylamine Exchanged with Typical Ammonium Salts in the Particle Phase

Molecular understanding of sulphuric acid–amine particle nucleation in the atmosphere

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