Atlas of Comparative Diagnostic and Experimental Hematology

Abstract

The first edition published in 1994 addressed a paucity of resources in laboratory animal hematology. The 2nd edition reiterates this focus and provides approximately 400 color images of peripheral blood and bone marrow cells from mice, hamsters, guinea pigs, rats, rabbits, dogs, cats, select monkeys, and assorted other species. Information is presented on blood collection, artifacts, and bone marrow with updated graphs of reference data from the Siemens Advia 120 for male and female mice, rats, dogs and cynomolgus monkeys at different ages.The authors, who have extensive experience in pharmaceutical safety testing in animals, provide helpful material on common species used in toxicology: mice, rats, dogs, and monkeys. Example reference intervals for these species, photomicrographs of cells from normal and pathologic conditions, and, in some cases, instrument cytograms and displays are presented. Inclusion of more ancillary information and detailed explanations would be useful. For example, group sizes for reference intervals are not provided, many images lack sufficient labeling, the magnification is inconsistent, and underlying conditions, ie anemia, are not always clearly identified. Nonetheless, the range of normal and abnormal conditions portrayed in this slim volume for these species is impressive. Beyond the toxicology arena, a number of other species are included, though chapters on cats, horses, goats, sheep, minipigs, and others are cursory. Images from unusual species, such as the eastern quoll and little penguin, seem out of place and of limited value in the absence of any discussion of their comparative relevance. The quality of the references cited across chapters is uneven, and there is a tendency to rely on textbooks.The chapter on artifacts describes a number of preanalytical parameters such as venipuncture sites, sample storage conditions, anticoagulants, smear preparation, and staining. The chapter on blood collection procedures is surprisingly brief, but additional information is provided in "Artifacts". The chapter on bone marrow contains valuable information on collection techniques, slide preparation and staining, and interpretation. References are helpful and emphasize laboratory animal species. Photomicrographs of bone marrow smears with well-labeled cells are provided for some species in previous chapters, though the text does not offer detailed descriptions of bone marrow cell populations, which may disappoint readers hoping to improve their skills of differentiation of cell types. The strongest chapter in the book is a new section on comparative applications of flow cytometry, which provides clear descriptions and gives pertinent examples. Specific hematology analyzers are described, and cytograms are presented. This chapter would be most beneficial at the beginning of the book for those unfamiliar with Advia cytograms and variables highlighted in earlier chapters. Toxicologic flow cytometry applications, such as micronucleus testing and assessment of phospholipidosis, are also describ...

Cyclosporin safety in a simplified rat brain tumor implantation model

“…Neutrophil and lymphocyte count was done manually in May-Grümwald-Giemsa stained slides. Values obtained were classified according to reference values 8 . The main goal of these exams was testing cyclosporine safety, not dexamethasone, so the animals treated with the latter drug were not tested.…”

HEMATOLOGI PERBANDINGAN HEWAN VERTEBRATA: LELE (Clarias batracus), KATAK (Rana sp.), KADAL (Eutropis multifasciata), MERPATI (Columba livia) DAN MENCIT (Mus musculus)

“…Unsur seluler atau sel darah terbagi menjadi sel darah merah (eritrosit), sel darah putih (leukosit), dan keping darah (trombosit). Bentuk, ukuran, dan persentase jumlah eritrosit dan leukosit berbeda untuk setiap jenis hewan Vertebrata (Smith and Jarecki, 2011). Eritrosit Mamalia diketahui tidak memiliki inti sel, namun tidak demikian dengan eritrosit hewan dari kelas Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, dan Aves yang memiliki inti.…”

Best practices for evaluation of bone marrow in nonclinical toxicity studies

“…Bone marrow cells should ideally be the first sample collected at necropsy to optimize preservation of cytological detail. Because the marrow will quickly begin to clot and bone marrow cells will start to undergo autolysis, cytomorphology will be optimal if bone marrow specimens are collected within five minutes after euthanasia 54,57 . However, a laboratory may want to determine the time after death, which may vary by species and which will provide adequate quality of bone marrow smears to perform cytological evaluation.…”

“…Bone marrow collection from live animals is rarely required and is a consideration only for large animals, such as dogs. A number of references may be consulted for information regarding collection techniques 57–59 …”