Atlas of Canine and Feline Urinalysis

Rizzi, Theresa E.; Valenciano, Amy C.; Bowles, Mary; Cowell, Rick L.; Tyler, Ronald D.; DeNicola, Dennis B.

doi:10.1002/9781119365693

Cited by 15 publications

(62 citation statements)

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“…In addition, glucose levels remained normal throughout the study. It was concluded that the casts and crystals observed in urinalysis in treated and placebo groups have no clinical relevance as they can be found in normal urine samples [27]. A recent study reported that 4 of 14 cats treated with oclacitinib presented a mild increase in renal parameters [28], however, animals in the present study did not had any alteration in urea and creatinine values.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

A blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the safety of oclacitinib in cats

et al. 2019

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Background Oclacitinib is a Janus kinase (JAK) 1 enzyme inhibitor and blocks JAK1-dependent cytokines and is used to control pruritus. Studies available in cats are very limited and as there is a potential role for oclacitinib in the control of pruritus in this specie, the aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and clinical effects of oral oclacitinib maleate in healthy cats. Results Thirty mixed-breed cats weighing from 2.1 to 5.3 kg each were randomly allocated to three treatment groups of 10 animals each. Cats in two groups received oclacitinib at 1 mg/kg or 2 mg/kg q 12 h orally for 28 days. Cats in the third group were given placebo tablets (cornstarch) q 12 h orally for 28 days. Oclacitinib maleate was well tolerated during the study and few adverse events were observed in treated cats. Clinical signs of toxicity were not observed in any animals treated at 1 mg/kg. Gastrointestinal clinical signs observed in the 2 mg/kg group included vomiting in two of the 10 cats and soft stools in two cats. One cat treated with placebo also exhibited soft stools. No significant differences were observed between the groups for hematologic analyses performed during the study. There was a slight increase in neutrophils and monocytes and a decrease in eosinophil mean counts in treated cats. Mean renal and liver enzymes remained normal throughout the entire study. A small, but significant increase in fructosamine levels was observed for both treated groups compared with placebo; however, values remained within the normal reference range. There were no significant difference between treated groups and the placebo group for urine specific gravity, pH, or urine protein to creatinine ratio mean values. Conclusions Oclacitinib maleate was well tolerated by cats at 1 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg and appeared to be safe for this species when administered orally twice daily for 28 days. More studies would be needed to demonstrate if oclacitinib maleate may be a suitable alternative to treat pruritic cats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

A blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the safety of oclacitinib in cats

et al. 2019

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“…Vulva and adjacent skin should be cleansed with water, sterile sponges, and disinfectants such as chlorhexidine in a female and preputial area in a male pet rinsed thoroughly to avoid both infection and iatrogenic alterations in the urinalysis results. Hair that may contaminate the collection process can be clipped if necessary [8].…”

Section: Patient Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Urine has become one of the most accessible bio-fluid as it can be obtained non-invasively in large quantities [7]. In veterinary medicine, it has gained little attention [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinalysis in dog and cat: A review

et al. 2020

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Urinalysis is the examination of normal and abnormal constituents of urine. It is an easy, cheap, and vital initial diagnostic test for veterinarians. Complete urinalysis includes the examination of color, odor, turbidity, volume, pH, specific gravity, protein, glucose, ketones, blood, erythrocytes, leukocytes, epithelial cells, casts, crystal, and organisms. Semi-quantitative urine analysis with urine dipsticks, as well as an automatic analyzer, provides multiple biochemical data. Contamination is almost entirely avoided if the protocols for ensuring a proper sample have been followed, as mentioned still consideration must be given to the likelihood of contamination, even if the sample is correctly obtained. Interpretation of urinalysis will be doubtful if the knowledge of the interference is limited. Well-standardized urinalysis, when correlated in the context of history, clinical findings, and other diagnostic test results, can identify both renal and non-renal disease. This paper reviews significance of different components of urinalysis of dog and cat, such as collection, storage, examination, interpretation, and common causes of error in the result.

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“…Ninety-eight samples (98/443; 22.1%) had hematuria and/or pyuria (ie, "an active sediment"); 75 of 443 (16.9%) samples had crystalluria; 397 of 443 (89.6%) samples had epithelial cells present; 15 of 443 (3.4%) samples had sperm present; 38 of 443 (8.6%) samples had bacteria present; 342 of 443 (77.2%) had mucus present; and 144 of 443 (32.5%) had lipid droplets present (Table2). Macroscopic results have been organized in Table2as "normal" or "abnormal" to reflect the typical color (colorless-amber) and clarity (clear-slightly hazy) of urine from normal healthy dogs 16. There were 108 samples with casts identified by manual microscopy, establishing an overall prevalence of 24.4% (108/443), with a 4.0% (18/443) prevalence of non-hyaline casts in this population.Three hundred thirty-five samples were negative on manual microscopy.…”

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confidence: 99%

Comparison of IDEXX SediVue Dx^® urine sediment analyzer to manual microscopy for detection of casts in canine urine

Vasilatis

Cowgill

Farace

et al. 2021

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: Detection of urinary casts is difficult due to their intermittent presence and deterioration in urine samples.Objective: To compare the performance of the IDEXX SediVue Dx ® Urine Sediment Analyzer (SediVue) with manual microscopy for the detection of urinary casts. We hypothesized that the SediVue analyzer would perform similarly to manual microscopy in cast detection.Animals: Four hundred forty-three samples from 420 dogs from a hospital population.Methods: This is a prospective, cross-sectional study. For SediVue analysis (software version [SW] 1.0.1.3), uncentrifuged urine was pipetted into a disposable cartridge.Seventy images were captured and processed by an onboard algorithm. For manual microscopy, urine was centrifuged to obtain sediment. Any cast identified by either method was considered a positive result (>0/low-power field [LPF]). SediVue images were evaluated if casts were detected by either methodology. A revised sensitivity and specificity were calculated after image review and when using a threshold of >1 cast/LPF. Results:The sensitivity of the SediVue analysis for the detection of urinary casts was 53.7% (43.85%-63.35%), and specificity was 86.0% (81.78%-89.51%). After image review, the revised sensitivity/specificity was 52.0% (42.89%-61.02%) and 90.6% (86.81%-93.54%), respectively. When using a more clinically relevant threshold of >1/LPF, the sensitivity was 52.6% (35.82%-69.02%) and specificity was 99.3%

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Atlas of Canine and Feline Urinalysis

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

A blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the safety of oclacitinib in cats

A blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the safety of oclacitinib in cats

Urinalysis in dog and cat: A review

Comparison of IDEXX SediVue Dx^® urine sediment analyzer to manual microscopy for detection of casts in canine urine

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Atlas of Canine and Feline Urinalysis

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

A blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the safety of oclacitinib in cats

A blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the safety of oclacitinib in cats

Urinalysis in dog and cat: A review

Comparison of IDEXX SediVue Dx® urine sediment analyzer to manual microscopy for detection of casts in canine urine

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Comparison of IDEXX SediVue Dx^® urine sediment analyzer to manual microscopy for detection of casts in canine urine