Atividade Física E Gordura Corporal De Adolescentes Vivendo Com Hiv: Um Estudo Comparativo

Abstract

Objective: To compare regular physical activity among adolescents living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with their healthy peers, and to evaluate the relationship with anthropometric indicators of body fat. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study which investigated two groups: 57 adolescents (10-15 years of age) living with HIV, and 54 apparently healthy adolescents matched for sex and age. Physical activity was evaluated using a questionnaire and anthropometric measurements were performed. The groups were compared in terms of physical activity, and the linear and partial correlations (adjusted for age and sex) between physical activity and the anthropometric indicators were tested. Results: Adolescents living with HIV had a lower total activity score than their healthy peers (1.73 versus 2.14; p<0.001), but participated more frequently in physical education activities. Soccer and walking were the physical activities most frequently reported by adolescents of the two groups. No correlation was observed between total physical activity score and anthropometric indicators of body fat when adjusted for sex and age. Female gender (β=21.51), months of exposure to antiretroviral therapy (β=1.26), and socioeconomic classes B and C (β=22.05 and 28.15, respectively) explained 33% of the sum of skinfolds in adolescents living with HIV (F=6.70; p<0.001). Conclusions: Adolescents living with HIV have lower physical activity scores compared with their healthy peers, but physical education was found to be an opportunity to increase physical activity.

Metabolic Changes in Pediatric HIV-Positive Patients and Potential Lifestyle Interventional Strategies

“…When looking specifically at children with HIV, the majority of children preferred low-impact exercise such as soccer and walking in boys and jogging and walking in girls [24]. When further analyzing the data, the study found that the pediatric participants did not partake in activity over the weekends and most of the activity was completed in physical education classes throughout the week at school [24]. Group-prescribed exercise can potentially be beneficial in children as opposed to individual exercise routines.…”

“…In general, the HIV population has been found to have not only lower self-reported activity levels, but those who did report were more likely to mention light activity levels [13]. When looking specifically at children with HIV, the majority of children preferred low-impact exercise such as soccer and walking in boys and jogging and walking in girls [24]. When further analyzing the data, the study found that the pediatric participants did not partake in activity over the weekends and most of the activity was completed in physical education classes throughout the week at school [24].…”

“…This signifies that the type of exercise, intensity, and duration of physical activity all play a role in reducing the impact of HIV-associated metabolic changes. General recommendations include a minimum of 20 minutes of vigorous aerobic activity thrice weekly can reduce body fat, improve heart health, and improve lean body mass [24][25][26].…”

Comparison of Muscle Strength, Aerobic Capacity and Body Composition between Healthy Adolescents and Those Living with HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…It is relevant to mention that these changes may favor a decrease in health-related physical aptitudes and increase the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases in children and adolescents living with HIV compared to the uninfected population in the same age group [ 6 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. In the literature, the importance and benefits of physical activity for the health of this population are well established; however, the physical fitness of adolescents living with HIV needs to be discussed more [ 14 ].…”

“…Adolescents with HIV are reported to have lower overall scores for habitual physical activity, with shorter times for physical activity after school. Reinforcing these issues, children and adolescents living with chronic conditions other than HIV also have restrictions and inadequate levels of physical activity and sports practice, all of which predispose the individual to negative health factors and low physical fitness due to the sedentary lifestyle adopted because of various conditioning factors [ 11 , 15 , 16 , 17 ].…”