Atherogenic index of plasma is related to arterial stiffness but not to blood pressure in normotensive and never-treated hypertensive subjects

Abstract

Background and aims: Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), defined as the logarithm of triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio, is a strong predictor of future cardiovascular disease. Our aim was to examine the association of AIP with haemodynamic variables in normotensive and never-treated hypertensive subjects in a cross-sectional study. Methods: Supine haemodynamics in 615 subjects without antihypertensive and lipid-lowering medications were examined using whole-body impedance cardiography and radial pulse wave analysis. Linear regression analysis was applied to investigate the association of AIP with haemodynamic variables and age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, alcohol consumption, plasma C-reactive protein, electrolytes, uric acid, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), estimated glomerular filtration rate, and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index. Results: The demographics and laboratory values of the study population were (mean ± 95% confidence interval): age 44.9 ± 1.0 years, BMI 26.8 ± 0.4 kg/m 2 , office blood pressure 140.6 ± 1.6/ 89.4 ± 1.0 mmHg, total cholesterol 5.2 ± 0.08, LDL-C 3.1 ± 0.08, triglycerides 1.2 ± 0.08, HDL-C 1.6 ± 0.04 mmol/l, and AIP À0.15 ± 0.02. Age (standardized coefficient Beta 0.508, p < .001) and aortic systolic blood pressure (Beta 0.239, p < .001) presented with the strongest associations with pulse wave velocity. However, AIP was also associated with pulse wave velocity (Beta 0.145, p < .001). AIP was not related with aortic or radial blood pressure, cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance, or augmentation index. Conclusions: AIP is directly and independently associated with arterial stiffness, a variable strongly related to cardiovascular risk. This supports more widespread use of AIP in standard clinical cardiovascular disease risk evaluation. ARTICLE HISTORY

Sex‐related associations of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol with aortic stiffness and endothelial glycocalyx integrity in treated hypertensive patients

“…The association of HDL with arterial stiffness has been investigated both in normotensives and hypertensives patients. It seems that triglyceride/HDL‐C ratio was directly and independently associated either with radial pulse wave analysis in a Finnish population or with brachial‐ankle PWV (baPWV) in a Japanese cohort, while HDL‐C was inversely related to baPWV in a Chinese population 36‐38 . Similarly, in our study, we found a moderate inverse association between HDL‐C and carotid‐femoral PWV in the whole hypertensive population, while we did not prove any linear dependence of the following factors of age, weight, LDL‐C levels, and smoking habit to PWV .…”

Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) a Tool to Assess Changes in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Post Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy

“…As such, an early detection of atherosclerosis at the subclinical period is important. In clinical settings, plasma lipoprotein profile is used as an indicator of cardiovascular risk; however, recent studies have reported the atherogenic index of plasma as a better marker of atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness [ 17 , 26 ].…”

“…The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) is a calculated index that strongly reflects the future risk of atherosclerosis and CVD and predicts atherogenicity [ 15 – 17 ]. AIP which is the logarithm of plasma TG to HDL ratio has shown a direct and independent association with arterial stiffness [ 17 ].…”

“…The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) is a calculated index that strongly reflects the future risk of atherosclerosis and CVD and predicts atherogenicity [ 15 – 17 ]. AIP which is the logarithm of plasma TG to HDL ratio has shown a direct and independent association with arterial stiffness [ 17 ]. Considering the factors used to calculate AIP, this index reflects the opposing influence of TG and HDL on inflammation, oxidative stress, extracellular matrix formation, and the phenotypic changes affecting vascular smooth muscle [ 18 , 19 ].…”

Prognostic impact of atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

“…Evidence indicates that epicardial adipose tissue directly affects coronary atherosclerosis [36]. AIP was shown to be directly and independently associated with arterial stiffness in normotensive and never-treated hypertensive subjects [37]. Increased aortic stiffness often results in early wave re ection of the aortic pulse wave which increases systolic blood pressure but decreases diastolic blood pressure, and these hemodynamic changes impair coronary perfusion, which can promote adverse CV events [30].…”