Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) a Tool to Assess Changes in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Post Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy

Abstract

Predictive indices like the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) have been developed to estimate the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Metabolic surgery is the most effective treatment for a rapid improvement of morbid obesity and its comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) and CVD. A decreased reoccurrence of CVD after metabolic surgery has been reported by several studies. However, studies utilizing predictive indices for CVD risk in CVD-free morbid-obese patients who undertook laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) are lacking. Here, we use AIP as a tool to evaluate the improvement in CVD risk post-LSG in morbid-obese people who had no history of CVD. Method. We compared baseline, 6- and 12-month post-LSG score of AIP, vascular age, circulating biochemical markers related to CVD in two groups of BMI and age-matched morbid-obese participants with and without T2D. Results. At baseline, people with T2D had significantly higher AIP both, with morbid obesity (0.23±0.06, p<0.001) and normal weight (0.022±0.05, p<0.001) compared to their BMI-matched without T2D group. People with morbid obesity had low AIP (−0.083±0.06). Vascular age was significantly higher in people with morbid obesity and T2D (65.8±3.7year, p<0.0001) compared to morbid obesity (37.9±2.6 year). After one year, AIP was significantly reduced compared to baseline score in people with morbid obesity with/without T2D, respectively (−0.135±0.07, p=0.003; and −0.36±0.04, p=0.0002). Conclusion. Our data illuminates AIP as a reliable predictive index for CVD risk in morbid-obese people who had no history of CVD. Moreover, AIP accurately distinguishes between morbid obesity with T2D and morbid obesity and showed a rapid and significant reduction in CVD risk after LSG in people who had no history of CVD. This is a ClinicalTrials.gov registered trial (Reference NCT03038373).

The Link between Serum Omentin Level and Insulin Resistance Biomarkers, Lipid Profile, and Atherogenic Indices in Iraqi Obese Patients.

“…Studies stated using AIP score as better and easier index to indicate arterial stiffness and atherosclerosis. AIP index was more deteriorated with a combination of obesity and Type2 Diabetes 26 . It is worth to mention the mean value of AIP for obese patients in our study is equal to 0.22.…”

“…The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) is a computed indicator that accurately predicts atherogenicity and atherosclerosis risk in the future. AIP represents the opposing effects of TG and HDL-Chol on inflammation, oxidative stress, extracellular alteration in vascular smooth muscle when the components used to calculate it are taken into account 26 . AIP values of 0•12-0•21 or > 0•21 suggest the prevalence of abdominal obesity, and the integration of WC and AIP may improve the specificity and sensitivity for detecting abdominal obesity in clinical research.…”

Cinnamaldehyde Mitigates Atherosclerosis Induced by High-Fat Diet via Modulation of Hyperlipidemia, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation

“…Predictive indices such as the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) have been developed to estimate the CVD risk [ 42 ]. It is associated with VLDL, HDL, and LDL particle sizes and predicted CVD risk [ 43 ]. AIP is the most sensitive marker among other atherogenic indices such as the atherogenic coefficient (TC-HDL-Ch/HDL-Ch), Castelli's risk index I (T.Ch/HDL-Ch), and Castelli's risk index II (LDL-Ch/HDL-Ch) [ 44 ].…”

“…Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity and predicted CVD risk [43]. AIP is the most sensitive marker among other atherogenic indices such as the atherogenic coefficient (TC-HDL-Ch/HDL-Ch), Castelli's risk index I (T.Ch/HDL-Ch), and Castelli's risk index II (LDL-Ch/HDL-Ch) [44].…”

Renin-angiotensin System Blocking Antihypertensive Therapy Effect on Surrogate Glycemic and Lipid Markers in Metabolic Syndrome Patients

“…In several studies, MetS patients had higher AIP levels; furthermore, a higher level is associated with higher odds for developing MetS [73]. This tool also has predictive power for HT and DM and is efficient for monitoring vascular health, especially after interventions with metabolic leverage [74]. In contrast, AIP was shown to be an inconsistent atherosclerosis and CV marker in some populations [71], indicating gaps in population-specific knowledge about the marker.…”