Athena MIMOS II Mössbauer spectrometer investigation

Klingelhöfer, G.; Morris, R. V.; Bernhardt, B.; Rodionov, D.; Souza, P. A. de; Squyres, S. W.; Foh, J.; Kankeleit, E.; Bonnes, U.; Gellert, R.; Schröder, Christian; Linkin, S.; Evlanov, E. N.; Zubkov, B. V.; Prilutski, O. F.

doi:10.1029/2003je002138

Cited by 222 publications

(163 citation statements)

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“…These are an Alpha Particle-X-Ray Spectrometer [APXS (6)] and a Mössbauer Spectrometer (7). Radioactive ^^^Cm alpha sources and two detection modes (alpha and x-ray) in the APXS reveal elemental abundances of rocks and soils (8).…”

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The Spirit Rover's Athena Science Investigation at Gusev Crater, Mars

Squyres¹

2004

Science

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117

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The Mars Exploration Rover Spirit and its Atliena science payload liave been used to investigate a landing site in Gusev crater. Gusev is hypothesized to be the site of a former lake, but no clear evidence for lacustrine sedimentation has been found to date. Instead, the dominant lithology is basalt, and the dominant geologic processes are impact events and eolian transport. I^jany rocks exhibit coatings and other characteristics that may be evidence for minor aqueous alteration. Any lacustrine sediments that may exist at this location within Gusev apparently have been buried by lavas that have undergone subsequent impact disruption.Spirit landed in Gusev crater on 4 January 2004 UTC. It was followed 21 days later by Opportunity, which landed on Meridiani Planurn. Both vehicles landed using a variant of the airbag landing system that was developed for the Mars Pathfinder mission, deploying the rovers after the landers had come to rest on the surface (1). The primary scientific objective of their mission is to explore two sites on the martian surface where water may once have been present, and to assess past environmental conditions at those sites and their suitability for life. Here we provide an overview of the results from the 90-sol (2) nominal mission of Spirit.Like Opportunity, Spirit carries a copy of the Athena science payload (3) (Fig. 1). The topography, morphology, and mineralogy of the scene around the rover have been revealed by two remote sensing instruments: a panoramic camera (Pancam) and a miniature thermal emission spectrometer (Mini-TES). Pancam (4) is a stereo camera whose filters provide 11 unique color spectral bandpasses over the spectral region from 0.4 to 1.1 mm, as well as two other filters for direct imaging of the Sun. Mini-TES (5) produces high spectral resolution (10 cm^') infrared image cubes with a wavelength range of 5 to 29 jjim. The Pancam cameras and the Mini-TES scanning mirrors are mounted atop a mast (3) at a height of ~ 1.5 m above the ground.Once potential science targets have been identified using Pancam and Mini-TES, they have been studied in more detail with the use of two in situ compositional sensors mounted on a 5-degree-of-freedom robotic arm (3). These are an Alpha Particle-X-Ray Spectrometer [APXS (6)] and a Mössbauer Spectrometer (7). Radioactive ^^^Cm alpha sources and two detection modes (alpha and x-ray) in the APXS reveal elemental abundances of rocks and soils (8). The Mössbauer Spectrometer measures the resonant absorption of gamma rays produced by a ^^Co source to determine splitting of nuclear energy levels in ^^Fe atoms, revealing the mineralogy and oxidation state of Fe-bearing phases. The instrument arm also carries a Microscopic Imager [MI (P)] that has been used to obtain highresolution (30 jjim/pixel) images of rock and soil surfaces and a Rock Abrasion Tool [ RAT (10)] that can remove up to ~5 mm of material over a circular area 45 mm in diameter. Finally, the payload includes the Magnetic Properties Experiment consisting of seven magnets that hav...

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The Spirit Rover's Athena Science Investigation at Gusev Crater, Mars

Squyres¹

2004

Science

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“…The compositions of the oxide layers present in the scale were evaluated with the Mössbauer Spectrometer MIMOS II 8 . This equipment performs experiments in backscatter geometry, using a source 57 Co/Rh of 100 mCi initial intensity.…”

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Effect of processing parameters on scale formation during hot steel strip rolling

Júnior

Bellon

Júnior³

et al. 2010

Mat. Res.

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The influence of processing parameters (slab thickness, water flow of interstand cooling and oil flow in roll gap lubrication system) on the thickness and composition of the tertiary scale formed during hot strip rolling, was studied in a low carbon steel in factory. The scale formed on the rolled surface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Mössbauer spectroscopy. It was observed that the combined effect of a greater rolling oil volume applied, larger bar thickness, and smaller amount of water flow during interstand cooling reduces the tertiary scale thickness. Besides, a smaller crack density in the samples is associated with greater rolling oil volume and smaller oxide scale thickness. The principal phase of the scale formed in hot-rolled steel strips is stoichiometric magnetite, without isomorphic substitutions.

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“…Mössbauer spectroscopy was performed on a subset of samples ( Table 2 ) using either a miniaturized Mössbauer spectrometers MI-MOS II ( Klingelhöfer et al, 1996 ;Klingelhöfer et al, 2003 ) at the University of Stirling in the UK, or at Mt. Holyoke University using a SEE Co. W100 spectrometer.…”

Section: Mössbauer Spectroscopymentioning

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Spectroscopic examinations of hydro- and glaciovolcanic basaltic tuffs: Modes of alteration and relevance for Mars

Farrand

Wright

Glotch

et al. 2018

Icarus

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a b s t r a c tHydro-and glaciovolcanism are processes that have taken place on both Earth and Mars. The amount of materials produced by these processes that are present in the martian surface layer is unknown, but may be substantial. We have used Mars rover analogue analysis techniques to examine altered tuff samples collected from multiple hydrovolcanic features, tuff rings and tuff cones, in the American west and from glaciovolcanic hyaloclastite ridges in Washington state and in Iceland. Analysis methods include VNIR-SWIR reflectance, MWIR thermal emissivity, thin section petrography, XRD, XRF, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. We distinguish three main types of tuff that differ prominently in petrography and VNIR-SWIR reflectance: minimally altered sideromelane tuff, gray to brown colored smectite-bearing tuff, and highly palagonitized tuff. Differences are also observed between the tuffs associated with hydrovolcanic tuff rings and tuff cones and those forming glaciovolcanic hyaloclastite ridges. For the locations sampled, hydrovolcanic palagonite tuffs are more smectite and zeolite rich while the palagonitized hyaloclastites from the sampled glaciovolcanic sites are largely devoid of zeolites and relatively lacking in smectites as well. The gray to brown colored tuffs are only observed in the hydrovolcanic deposits and appear to represent a distinct alteration pathway, with formation of smectites without associated palagonite formation. This is attributed to lower temperatures and possibly longer time scale alteration. Altered hydroor glaciovolcanic materials might be recognized on the surface of Mars with rover-based instrumentation based on the results of this study.

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Athena MIMOS II Mössbauer spectrometer investigation

Cited by 222 publications

References 65 publications

The Spirit Rover's Athena Science Investigation at Gusev Crater, Mars

The Spirit Rover's Athena Science Investigation at Gusev Crater, Mars

Effect of processing parameters on scale formation during hot steel strip rolling

Spectroscopic examinations of hydro- and glaciovolcanic basaltic tuffs: Modes of alteration and relevance for Mars

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