“…Moreover, the prevalence of international migration has contributed to regional diversity (Choi, 2016;Guo, 2014), resulting in a broader spectrum of cultural values that prevent the concrete definition of community membership. The evolution of global digital citizenship is often described as recognizing and respecting how emerging technology has removed barriers between citizens of the globe by enhancing communication, collaboration, dialogue, and debate throughout society (Bellanca & Brandt, 2010;Bennett et al, 2016;Global Digital Citizenship Foundation, 2022). Given students' strong connections to the global community through social media (Gleason & von Gillern, 2018) and widespread access to smartphones (Anderson & Jiang, 2018;Statistics Canada, 2021), there exists a need for democratic citizenship education that not only prepares students to engage with societal issues at a local level, but also to responsibly participate in digital communities and critically analyze and respond to global concerns.…”