Asymmetric-channel flow field-flow fractionation with exponential force-field programming

Separation and characterization of food macromolecules using field-flow fractionation: A review

“…Hence, the concentration profile in the separation channel may lag behind the equilibrium distance if the field decays rapidly and/or diffusion of fractions is slow. For rectangular channels the calculation of D can be performed analytically (Kirkland, Dilks, Rementer, & Yau, 1992). However, for trapezoidal channels, which are very common today, the calculation of D from elution times needs to be performed numerically (Nilsson, Leeman, Wahlund, & Bergenståhl, 2006).…”

“…However, for more polydisperse samples such as polysaccharides and samples containing aggregates it is beneficial to utilize programmed cross flows, decaying with time, which allows for separation over a wider size distribution and shorter analysis time. The employment of programmed fields for the separation of macromolecules has been utilized during the last three decades (Kirkland, Dilks Jr, Rementer, & Yau, 1992;Leeman, Wahlund, & Wittgren, 2006;Wahlund, Winegarner, Caldwell, & Giddings, 1986). However, studies dealing with the basis for choosing a specific type of programmed cross-flow are scarce.…”

Size, structure and scaling relationships in glycogen from various sources investigated with asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation and 1H NMR

“…A 1 min focusing/relaxation step was performed prior to elution with the focusing flow rate being identical to the initial cross flow rate during elution, 1.0 ml min −1 . In order to avoid excessive retention and long elution times a cross flow rate which decays exponentially with time was used [20] according to the function:…”

Rapid protein separation and diffusion coefficient measurement by frit inlet flow field‐flow fractionation

“…This range incorporates common proteins, most of which lie between 3 and 20 nm in effective diameter. The separation of proteins by flow FFF was demonstrated as early as 1976 (Giddings et al, 1976a) with various additional applications to proteins being reported since that time (Giddings et al, 1977a(Giddings et al, , 1992aKirkland et al, 1992). The time required for separation has been reduced from hours to minutes since the original flow FFF separations were reported.…”