Asupan Zat Gizi Makro Dan Mikro Penderita Tuberkulosis Paru Rawat Jalan Sebelum Dan Sesudah Terapi Fase Intensif Disertai Konseling Gizi

Abstract

The highest tuberculosis mortality and morbidity occured in developing countries, including Indonesia. In terms of nutrition, WHO expects TB research conducted nationwide to provide scientific evidence that all important tuberculosis patients are assessed nutritional status and given nutritional counseling in all health facilities. The aims of this study were to identify nutrient intake and blood micronutrients level of TB patients before and after 2 months of therapy with nutritional counseling. The one-group pre-post test study was conducted in 10 Puskesmas in Bogor District in 85 pulmonary tuberculosis patients aged 15-55 years. Primary data were collected through interviews, anthropometric measurements and laboratory examinations. BTA test showed that 49.1 percent of the patient has BTA 1 positive. After intensive therapy with nutritional counseling, macro and micronutrient intake are different than those of before therapy (p <0.05). Retinol, selenium, vitamin D and vitamin E levels in the blood are also different (p <0.05). This change is possible caused by nutritional counseling provided. ABSTRAKAngka kesakitan dan kematian tuberkulosis (TB) tertinggi ada di negara berkembang, termasuk di Indonesia. Dari segi zat gizi, WHO mengharapkan penelitian TB yang dilakukan di seluruh negara dapat memberikan bukti ilmiah bahwa status gizi penderita TB diperlukan untuk menilai keefektifan konseling di semua sarana kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai asupan makanan dan kadar zat gizi mikro pada awal dan sesudah terapi 2 bulan dengan konseling gizi. Disain penelitian one-group-pre post test dilakukan di 10 Puskesmas di Kabupaten Bogor pada 85 penderita TB paru yang berusia antara 15-55 tahun. Data primer dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, pengukuran antropometri dan pemeriksaan laboratorium. Sebaran tertinggi hasil pemeriksaan bakteri tahan asam (BTA) ditemukan pada penderita dengan BTA 1 + (49,1 %). Sesudah terapi intensif dengan konseling gizi, asupan zat gizi makro dan mikro diketahui berbeda dibandingkan sebelum terapi (p<0,05) begitu juga kadar retinol, selenium, vitamin D dan vitamin E dalam darah juga menunjukkan perbedaan (p<0,05). Perubahan tersebut kemungkinan sebagai dampak pemberian konseling gizi. [Penel Gizi Makan 2018, 41(1):55-64] Kata kunci: asupan gizi, tuberkulosis paru, konseling gizi

Tendency of Malnutrition in Intensive Phase Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients with Low Macro Nutrient Adequacy

“…A DOI: 10.20473/amnt.v5i4.2021. 326-332. study states that the nutritional status of patients with intensive pulmonary TB could improve with the help of nutritional counseling during the initial 2 months 26 . The provision of nutritional counseling for 30 days was proven to improve nutritional status in new pulmonary TB patients (new cases) in Manado 27 .…”

“…If treatment was regular, then usually will not be able to transmit the disease after 2 weeks and there was conversion of positive acid-fast bacteria to negative, so the focus of therapy during this phase was very important to determine disease progression. 26 . In patients with intensive pulmonary TB, the bacteria that cause disease were still very active and affect the overall energy intake.…”

“…326-332. starting from 80% of the need can increase the weight of intensive pulmonary TB patients 38 . The frequency of eating in intensive pulmonary patients can increase by more than 2 times, one of which was with the help of nutritional counseling 26 .…”